Barriers to Prostate Cancer Screening Among Indo-Guyanese
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ORIGINAL PAPER
Barriers to Prostate Cancer Screening Among Indo‑Guyanese Harrynauth Persaud1 · Jeanetta Yuan1 · Aimee Afable2 · Denise M. Bruno2 Accepted: 16 September 2020 © Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract Prostate cancer is one of the most common types of cancer in many industrialized countries and is among the leading causes of death. Ranking among one of the top three forms of cancer, it is unfortunate that prostate cancer screening is not routinely recommended. This study attempts to explore the barriers to prostate cancer screening among Indo-Guyanese men. We conducted in-depth, one on one interviews among 20 Indo-Guyanese men between the ages of 45 and 75 years old, residing in the New York City neighborhood of Queens. Qualitative analysis was performed using multiple coders. Detailed analysis of the data found four major themes to be the culprit associated with a decrease in prostate cancer screening in this population: (1) lack of knowledge about the disease, (2) fear of diagnosis, (3) embarrassment and, (4) personal reservations with the rectal exam. The findings of this research suggest that Indo-Guyanese immigrants are lacking the basic understanding of prostate cancer and the importance of screening. It is possible that this deficiency is also applicable to many other disease states. By collaborating with healthcare providers and other stakeholders, such as community leaders and elected officials, we can develop culturally appropriate services specific to this population, to address these barriers to healthcare services. Keywords Guyana · Indo-Guyanese · Prostate cancer · Caribbean · West Indian
Background Cancer accounts for 1 in 6 deaths worldwide [1] and is the second leading cause of death in the U.S. [1], therefore posing a serious public health problem [2]. Within the U.S. it is estimated that in 2020, there will be approximately 1.8 million new cases for which approximately 42% can be prevented [1]. Ranking among one of the top three forms of cancer [1], it is unfortunate that prostate cancer screening is not routinely recommended [3]. Since 2012, prostate cancer screening was categorized as a grade D where the United States Preventative Services Task Force, (USPSTF), discourages the use of this service [4]. However, as of May 2018, this recommendation was changed to a grade C by the USPSTF [3]. That is, the USPSTF recommends offering or provide this service for selected patients depending on their individual circumstances [4]. This positive shift in * Harrynauth Persaud [email protected] 1
Physician Assistant Program - CUNY York College, 94‑20 Guy R. Brewer Blvd, Jamaica, NY 11451, USA
Department of Community Health Sciences, SUNY Downstate School of Public Health, Brooklyn, USA
2
screening guidelines is a step closer in addressing a major public health issue. Health screening is considered a vital intervention in public health practices [5]. The evidence shows that prostate cancer can be caused by a variety of factors, both modif
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