Basic and Applied Phytoplankton Biology
This book presents the latest developments and recent research trends in the field of plankton, highlighting the potential ecological and biotechnological applications. It critically and comprehensively discusses strain selection, growth characteristics,
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sic and Applied Phytoplankton Biology
Basic and Applied Phytoplankton Biology
Perumal Santhanam • Ajima Begum Perumal Pachiappan Editors
Basic and Applied Phytoplankton Biology
Editors Perumal Santhanam Marine Planktonology & Aquaculture Laboratory, Department of Marine Science School of Marine Sciences, Bharathidasan University Tiruchirappalli, Tamil Nadu, India
Ajima Begum Department of Botany Tihu College Tihu, Assam, India
Perumal Pachiappan Department of Biotechnology, School of Biosciences Periyar University Salem, Tamil Nadu, India
ISBN 978-981-10-7937-5 ISBN 978-981-10-7938-2 (eBook) https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-7938-2 Library of Congress Control Number: 2018944144 © Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2019 This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved by the Publisher, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilms or in any other physical way, and transmission or information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed. The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. The publisher, the authors and the editors are safe to assume that the advice and information in this book are believed to be true and accurate at the date of publication. Neither the publisher nor the authors or the editors give a warranty, express or implied, with respect to the material contained herein or for any errors or omissions that may have been made. The publisher remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations. Printed on acid-free paper This Springer imprint is published by the registered company Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. The registered company address is: 152 Beach Road, #21-01/04 Gateway East, Singapore 189721, Singapore
Preface
Phytoplankton (in Greek: phytos-plants; plankton-wanderer/drifter) are the microscopic drifting organisms found in the surface and subsurface layers of aquatic environs like seas, oceans, lakes, rivers, and ponds. They are the pigmented autotrophs initiating the food chain of any aquatic ecosystems and are the primary producers upon which the primary consumers, zooplankton depend. The major types of phytoplankton are diatoms, dinoflagellates, cyanobacteria, green algae, and coccolithophores, and they are popularly known as “the grasses of the sea.” And these chlorophyll-containing autotrophs perform photosynthesis using CO2 and water to generate food for themselves, while giving out O2 as a by-product. This reduces CO2 in the water and allows water to take in more CO2 in the atmosphere and thus help in CO2 sequestration. While part of the synthesized c
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