Basic Concepts
The ocean is subjected to the following forces: wind, heat/freshwater fluxes and tidal dissipation. In the old paradigm the thermohaline circulation is driven by surface thermohaline forcing. However, in the new paradigm the oceanic circulation is a dissi
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Heaving, Stretching and Spicing Modes Climate Variability in the Ocean
Heaving, Stretching and Spicing Modes
Rui Xin Huang
Heaving, Stretching and Spicing Modes Climate Variability in the Ocean
123
Rui Xin Huang Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution Woods Hole, MA, USA
ISBN 978-981-15-2940-5 ISBN 978-981-15-2941-2 https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-2941-2
(eBook)
Co Publisher ISBN: 978-7-04-054255-4 Jointly published with Higher Education Press The print edition is not for sale in Chinese mainland. Customers from Chinese mainland please order the print book from: Higher Education Press. © Higher Education Press and Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2020 This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved by the Publishers, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilms or in any other physical way, and transmission or information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed. The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. The publishers, the authors, and the editors are safe to assume that the advice and information in this book are believed to be true and accurate at the date of publication. Neither the publishers nor the authors or the editors give a warranty, express or implied, with respect to the material contained herein or for any errors or omissions that may have been made. The publishers remain neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations. This Springer imprint is published by the registered company Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. The registered company address is: 152 Beach Road, #21-01/04 Gateway East, Singapore 189721, Singapore
For his pioneering and profound contributions to modern physical oceanography His 1962 paper opened up the field of spicity and its application —Dedicated to the Centennial Anniversary of Henry M. Stommel
Preface
This book is a collection of topics related to some fundamental aspects of the wind-driven circulation and climate change. We discuss methods used in the water mass analysis and the climate study; in particular, we discuss the heaving modes induced by the adiabatic adjustment of the wind-driven circulation to wind stress perturbations. First, we can use simple reduced gravity models. Second, we can examine the climate variability in terms of vertical coordinates based on water properties, such as the potential density, the potential temperature and the salinity. These vertical coordinates based on the material properties of water parcels are Lagrangian coordinates. The combination of such material coordinates with the traditional fixed Eulerian c
