Battery Management Systems Accurate State-of-Charge Indication for B

Battery Management Systems: Accurate State-of-Charge Indication for Battery-Powered Applications describes the field of State-of-Charge (SoC) indication for rechargeable batteries. With the emergence of battery-powered devices accurately estimating the ba

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Philips Research VOLUME 9

Editor-in-Chief Dr. Frank Toolenaar Philips Research Laboratories, Eindhoven, The Netherlands

SCOPE TO THE ‘PHILIPS RESEARCH BOOK SERIES’ As one of the largest private sector research establishments in the world, Philips Research is shaping the future with technology inventions that meet peoples’ needs and desires in the digital age. While the ultimate user benefits of these inventions end up on the high-streeet shelves, the often pioneering scientific and technological basis usually remains less visisble. This ‘Philips Research Book Series’ has been set up as a way for Philips researchers to contribute to the scientific community by publishing their comprehensive results and theories in book form. Dr. Rick Harwig

Battery Management Systems Accurate State-of-Charge Indication for Battery-Powered Applications

by

Valer Pop Holst Centre/IMEC-NL Eindhoven, The Netherlands

Henk Jan Bergveld NXP Semiconductors Eindhoven, The Netherlands

Dmitry Danilov Eurandom, Eindhoven The Netherlands

Paul P.L. Regtien University of Twente Enschede, The Netherlands and

Peter H.L. Notten Philips Research Laboratories Eindhoven Eindhoven University of Technology Eindhoven, The Netherlands

Valer Pop Holst Centre/IMEC-NL Eindhoven, The Netherlands

Henk Jan Bergveld NXP Semiconductors Eindhoven, The Netherlands

Dmitry Danilov Eurandom Eindhoven, The Netherlands

Paul P.L. Regtien University of Twente Enschede, The Netherlands

Peter H.L. Notten Philips Research Laboratories Eindhoven Eindhoven University of Technology Eindhoven, The Netherlands

ISBN 978-1-4020-6944-4

e-ISBN 978-1-4020-6945-1

Library of Congress Control Number: 2008921935 © 2008 Springer Science+Business Media B.V. No part of this work may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, microfilming, recording or otherwise, without written permission from the Publisher, with the exception of any material supplied specifically for the purpose of being entered and executed on a computer system, for exclusive use by the purchaser of the work. Printed on acid-free paper. 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 springer.com

To Raluca, Peggy, Olga, Elly and Pascalle

Table of contents List of abbreviations List of symbols 1. Introduction 1.1 Battery Management Systems 1.2 State-of-Charge definition 1.3 Goal and motivation of the research described in this book 1.4 Scope of this book 1.5 References

xi xiii 1 1 3 4 6 7

2. State-of-the-Art of battery State-of-Charge determination 2.1 Introduction 2.2 Battery technology and applications 2.2.1 General operational mechanism of batteries 2.2.2 Battery types and characteristics 2.2.3 Summary 2.3 History of State-of-Charge indication 2.4 A general State-of-Charge system 2.5 Possible State-of-Charge indication methods 2.5.1 Direct measurement 2.5.2 Book–keeping systems 2.5.3 Adaptive systems 2.5.4 Summary 2.6 Commercial State-of-Charge indication systems 2.7 Conclusions 2.8 References

11 11 11 13 14 16 16 23 24 26 32 34 37 38 41 42

3. A