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RESEARCH

Archaeologies: Journal of the World Archaeological Congress ( 2020) https://doi.org/10.1007/s11759-020-09406-7

ABSTRACT ________________________________________________________________

Beer is not only a favourite drink for many archaeologists, but is increasingly the subject of their research. Brewing and beer consumption have played a significant role in prehistoric human cultures around the world. Beer was a tasty, nutritious food, a substance affecting the mind, medicine, a religious symbol, as well as a social medium and an accelerator. Alcohol relieved the pain and prevented the spread of infection. Beer was a safe and healthy drink compared to contaminated water. At the time when our ancestors began to domesticate agricultural crops, they commonly produced not only bread but also beer. It is probable that the first ceramic vessels in the Near East were created precisely out of the need to more effectively control the technological process of beer production. Similarly, in the Central European Copper Age, beer production and its growing social significance influenced the emergence of the set Ceramic complex that lasted continuously for more than three millennia. Beer has entered almost all aspects of social life, from everyday consumption and social interactions to initiation ceremonies and major religious celebrations. The study of beer and other fermented beverages sheds light on many aspects of the biocultural development of humans on this planet. Re´sume´ de recherche: Arche´ologies: La bie`re n’est pas seulement la boisson favorite de nombreuses arche´ologues mais elle devient de manie`re croissante le sujet de leur recherche. Le brassage et la consommation de bie`re ont joue´ un roˆle significatif dans les cultures humaines pre´historiques a` travers le monde. La bie`re e´tait un aliment savoureux et nourrissant, une substance alte´rant l’esprit, un me´dicament, un symbole religieux de meˆme qu’un outil et un acce´le´rateur social. L’alcool soulageait la douleur, empeˆchait la propagation de l’infection. La bie`re e´tait une boisson sans danger et saine contrairement a` l’eau contamine´e. A` l’e´poque ou` nos

I would like to dedicate this paper to my parents Jarmila and Miloslav on the occasion of their 60th wedding anniversary.  2020 World Archaeological Congress

ARCHAEOLOGIES

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JAN TUREK

anceˆtres ont commence´ a` maıˆtriser l’agriculture, ils ont couramment produit non seulement du pain mais aussi de la bie`re. Il est probable que les premiers re´cipients en ce´ramique du Proche Orient ont e´te´ cre´e´s pre´cise´ment en raison de la ne´cessite´ de controˆler plus efficacement le processus technologique de production de bie`re. De meˆme, au cours de l’Aˆge de cuivre en Europe centrale, la production de bie`re et sa signification sociale croissante ont influe´ sur l’e´mergence de l’ensemble du complexe ce´ramique ayant perdure´ de manie`re continue pendant plus de trois mille´naires. La bie`re a e´te´ inte´gre´e a` presq