Behavior of density-induced segregation with multi-density granular materials in a thin rotating drum
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ORIGINAL PAPER
Behavior of density‑induced segregation with multi‑density granular materials in a thin rotating drum Chun‑Chung Liao1 · Cheng‑Che Tsai1 Received: 13 December 2019 © Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract In this study, the effect of multi-density particles on granular segregation was experimentally investigated in a rotating drum. Optical cameras were used to record the motions of the granular materials. Particle tracking methods and image processing technology were used to determine the angle of repose, segregation index, and the velocities and granular temperatures of white POM (polyformaldehyde) beads (tracer particles).The experimental results showed that the final steady-state segregation index increases with the density ratio in a binary granular mixture. The results indicated that the final steady state segregation index is smaller with multi-density granular materials compared with those of materials with the binary granular mixture. The behavior of density-induced segregation is mitigated upon the addition of glass beads into the binary granular mixture. The relation between granular temperature and density-induced segregation was also discussed in this study. Graphical Abstract
Final intensity of segregation index
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0.5PP0.0G 0.4PP0.1G 0.3PP0.2G 0.2PP0.3G 0.1PP0.4G 0.0PP0.5G
0.35
0.3
0.25 2
3
Rotational speed (rpm)
4
Keywords Density-induced segregation · Granular flows · Ternary granular systems · Granular temperature · Angle of repose
* Chun‑Chung Liao [email protected] 1
Department of Mold and Die Engineering, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung City, Taiwan
1 Introduction Granular materials can have the different behavior as solids, liquids, or gases depending on external driving forces [1, 2]. Granular flows have received considerable attention
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because of their complex rheological behavior and wide application in numerous industrial processes in the past few decades. Segregation behavior of granular material is an interesting phenomenon and the possibility of its occurrence in a granular system is a major concern [3–10]. Granular segregation has been an important factor in many industrial processes (e.g., gasification, pyrolysis, biomass process, chemical reaction, powder reaction engineering, fluidized bed) over the past several decades. Thus far, it continues to be a complex and poorly understood process, particularly with regard to density-induced granular segregation. The granular segregation mechanism can be influenced by external driving conditions, container geometry, interstitial fluid, and particle properties such as size, density, friction coefficient, shape, and the coefficient of restitution [11–20]. Most previous papers on segregation problems have focused on binary granular mixture systems. However, most industrial processes involve multi-sized and multidensity mixtures, which naturally cause granular segregation problems. Hence, it is importa
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