Best practices, challenges and innovations in pediatrics in 2019
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(2020) 46:176
REVIEW
Open Access
Best practices, challenges and innovations in pediatrics in 2019 Carlo Caffarelli1* , Francesca Santamaria2, Angelica Santoro1, Michela Procaccianti1, Fabio Castellano2, Francesca Fiori Nastro2, Alberto Villani3, Sergio Bernasconi4 and Giovanni Corsello5
Abstract This paper runs through key progresses in epidemiology, pathomechanisms and therapy of various diseases in children that were issued in the Italian Journal of Pediatrics at the end of last year. Novel research and documents that explore areas such as allergy, critical care, endocrinology, gastroenterology, infectious diseases, neonatology, neurology, nutrition, and respiratory tract illnesses in children have been reported. These observations will help to control childhood illnesses. Keywords: Allergy, Endocrinology, Critical care, Endocrinology, Gastroenterology, Infectious diseases, Neonatology, Neurology, Nutrition, Children, Respiratory diseases
Introduction This review reports key advances in allergy, critical care, endocrinology, gastroenterology, infectious diseases, neonatology, neurology, nutrition, and respiratory tract illnesses in children. Articles have been identified among the most accessed manuscripts issued in the Italian Journal of Pediatrics in the second semester of 2019. Allergy. 1- chronic urticaria; 2- cow’s milk allergy; 3- type 1 asthma Chronic urticaria continues to have a high prevalence in children [1], but knowledge about management is low in real-life [2]. The updated guideline for clinical management of chronic urticaria in children [3] is intendent to facilitate physicians’ work. Progresses that has been made in understanding the pathophysiology have been focused. The guideline underlines that chronic urticaria is diagnosed by history, examination, and specific investigations and it also provides a diagnostic algorithm. Regarding treatment, second generation anti-H1 * Correspondence: [email protected] 1 Clinica Pediatrica, Department of Medicine and Surgery, Azienda Ospedaliera-Universitaria, University of Parma, Via Gramsci 14, Parma, Italy Full list of author information is available at the end of the article
antihistamines are the treatment of choice and the addition of corticosteroids may improve control of exacerbation [4]. Novel approaches such as omalizumab, have been found to be highly effective and safe [5]. Further developments are pertinent to allergy. Cow’s milk protein allergy is the most common food allergy in young children, especially those who suffer from atopic dermatitis [6] while allergy to fruits and vegetables is the more frequent in school children [7]. History, skin tests, oral food challenge and specific IgE antibody measurement are used for the diagnosis [8, 9]. The standard treatment is based on avoidance of offending food and education about treatment of reactions. Cow’s milk has essential nutritional properties, especially for infants. Thus, adequate substitutes are warranted. Extensive hydrolysate of cow’s milk proteins or rice, and amino acid form
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