Beyond the Nation State Parties in the Era of European Integration

States are seen as needing to provide responses to these new challenges, but parties within those states are equally challenged. David Hanley examines how parties address those challenges and the manner in which parties act at supranational level.

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David Hanley

Beyond the Nation State

Also by David Hanley CHRISTIAN DEMOCRACY IN EUROPE: A Comparative Perspective CONTEMPORARY FRANCE (with A. P. Kerr and N. H. Waites) KEEPING LEFT? CERES and the French Socialist Party PARTY, SOCIETY, GOVERNMENT: Republican Democracy in France SOCIAL-DÉMOCRATIE ET DÉFENSE (co-editor with H. Portelli) SPANISH POLITICAL PARTIES (co-editor with J. Louglin)

Beyond the Nation State Parties in the Era of European Integration David Hanley Professor of European Studies Cardiff University, UK

© David Hanley 2008

Softcover reprint of the hardcover 1st edition 2008 978-1-4039-0795-0 All rights reserved. No reproduction, copy or transmission of this publication may be made without written permission. No paragraph of this publication may be reproduced, copied or transmitted save with written permission or in accordance with the provisions of the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988, or under the terms of any licence permitting limited copying issued by the Copyright Licensing Agency, 90 Tottenham Court Road, London W1T 4LP. Any person who does any unauthorized act in relation to this publication may be liable to criminal prosecution and civil claims for damages. The author has asserted his right to be identified as the author of this work in accordance with the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988. First published 2008 by PALGRAVE MACMILLAN Houndmills, Basingstoke, Hampshire RG21 6XS and 175 Fifth Avenue, New York, N.Y. 10010 Companies and representatives throughout the world PALGRAVE MACMILLAN is the global academic imprint of the Palgrave Macmillan division of St. Martin’s Press, LLC and of Palgrave Macmillan Ltd. Macmillan is a registered trademark in the United States, United Kingdom and other countries. Palgrave is a registered trademark in the European Union and other countries.

ISBN 978-1-349-51042-9

ISBN 978-0-230-59356-5 (eBook)

DOI 10.1057/9780230593565 This book is printed on paper suitable for recycling and made from fully managed and sustained forest sources. Logging, pulping and manufacturing processes are expected to conform to the environmental regulations of the country of origin. A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Hanley, D. L. (David L.), 1944 Beyond the nation state:parties in the era of European integration/ David Hanley p. cm. Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 978-1-4039-0795-0 (alk. paper) 1. Political parties“European Union countries. 2. European federation. 3. European Union countries“Politics and government. I. Title JN50.H36 2007 324.2094“dc22 2007039402 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 09 08

For Graeme, in thanks for many years’ friendship.

Contents

List of Tables

viii

Acknowledgements

ix

List of Acronyms

x

Introduction: Parties and Transnationalism

1

1 Parties, Nation States and Beyond: Some General Considerations

8

2 From International to Transnational Party: A Historical Perspective

31

3 European Social Democra