Bias-stabilized inverter-amplifier: an inspiring solution for low-voltage and low-power applications
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Bias-stabilized inverter-amplifier: an inspiring solution for low-voltage and low-power applications Hassan Faraji Baghtash1 Received: 2 March 2019 / Revised: 7 July 2020 / Accepted: 18 August 2020 Ó Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract A bias stabilization scheme for inverter is introduced. The conventional inverter structure has lent itself as a power-efficient amplifier block for low-power, low-voltage applications. However, its application is restricted due to the limits in its biasing method. This letter introduces an efficient biasing scheme based on forward body bias technique. The proposed biasing scheme relaxes most of the problems associated with the unreliable conventional biasing method. Spectre simulation utilizing TSMC 180 nm technology are utilized to compare the performance of the proposed circuit with that’s of conventional inverter and also with well-known common-source amplifier. All three versions are biased with 0.4 V power supply and 3 lA bias current. In addition to the performance examination, full process, voltage, and temperature analysis is also conducted through Monte Carlo and corner simulations. The results validate the well-performance of the proposed structure under various operating conditions. Keywords Low power Low voltage Inverter based Inverter-amplifier Bias stabilized
1 Introduction Nowadays, the technology downscaling, which is driven by digital CMOS technology, has enforced the analog designs with some serious challenges [1, 2]. Neighbouring with digital systems, the analog circuits must be capable of operating in very reduced supply voltages. The condition which, normally is the worst for the performance of analog blocks. On the other hand, some emerging applications need to operate at low-power (LP) and low-voltage (LV) conditions, as well [3, 4]. Therefore, the demand for extremely LP and LV analog circuits is increased substantially; the motivation which is enforced by technology downscaling and encouraged by emerging zero-power applications. Designing at low power regime facing the analog designers with some challenging problems to overcome. Amongst is the degradation of transistor parameters such as: voltage dynamic range, intrinsic voltage-gain (VG),
trans-conductance (Gm), frequency bandwidth (BW), and noise performance (NP), which finally translates to the performance reduction of analog designs [1, 2]. Utilizing conventional inverter as an amplifier [5–8], called hereafter inverter-amplifier (INV-A), in modern LP, LV designs is a genius solution that tries to address some of the mentioned problems. It almost doubles the VG, Gm, BW, and NP of a traditional common-source amplifier (CSA), effectively. Nevertheless, these achievements are come with a major drawback that restricts the application of INV-A: the current and therefore the power consumption of INV-A cannot be controlled independently. The biasing current always depends on the supply voltage and the transistor aspect ratios of INV-A. This, unfortunately, make
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