Bidens biternata (Lour.) Merr. & Sherff Asteraceae
Bidens biternata (Lour.) Merr. & Sherff: Bidens biternata var. abyssinica (Sch.Bip.) Sherff; Bidens biternata f. abyssinica Sherff; Bidens biternata var. biternata; Bidens biternata f. biternata; Bidens biternata var. glabrata (Vatke) Sherff; Bidens b
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Synonyms Bidens biternata (Lour.) Merr. & Sherff: Bidens biternata var. abyssinica (Sch. Bip.) Sherff; Bidens biternata f. abyssinica Sherff; Bidens biternata var. biternata; Bidens biternata f. biternata; Bidens biternata var. glabrata (Vatke) Sherff; Bidens biternata f. lasiocarpa Sherff; Bidens biternata var. mayebarae (Kitam.) Kitam.
L. Khaniya Center Department of Botany, Kirtipur, Kathmandu, Nepal R. M. Kunwar Cultural Geography, Department of Geosciences, Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, FL, USA Ethnobotanical Society of Nepal, Kathmandu, Nepal e-mail: [email protected] R. W. Bussmann (*) Department of Ethnobotany, Institute of Botany and Bakuriani Alpine Botanical Garden, Ilia State University, Tbilisi, Georgia Saving Knowledge, La Paz, Bolivia e-mail: [email protected] N. Y. Paniagua-Zambrana Department of Ethnobotany, Institute of Botany and Bakuriani Alpine Botanical Garden, Ilia State University, Tbilisi, Georgia Herbario Nacionál de Bolivia, Instituto de Ecología, Universidad Mayor de San Andrés, La Paz, Bolivia © Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2021 R. Kunwar et al. (eds.), Ethnobotany of the Himalayas, Ethnobotany of Mountain Regions, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-45597-2_38-1
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Local Names Bidens biternata: India: Achirchitta, Phutjom, Kerrai, Kathori, Kuro, Indonesia: Agedi, Ketul; Thai: Konchem, Chinese: Jinzhan, Yinpan; Urdu: Dipmal, Phutium; English: Yellow flowered black jack, Spanish needles, black jack, five leaved blackjack, beggar ticks (Zahara et al. 2015).
Botany and Ecology Bidens biternata: Annuals. Stems erect, 30–150 cm tall, subtetragonal, loosely crisp pilose, branched in upper portion. Leaves cauline; median leaves opposite, petiole 3–5 cm, blade 9–15 cm, prominently soft pubescent on both surfaces, once or twice divided into pinnate leaflets, terminal segment ovate, shortly acuminate, rather prominently toothed, lateral segments ovate, sometimes lower one pinnatifid; upper leaves gradually smaller, opposite or alternate, bipinnately parted. Capitula radiate or discoid, 7–10 mm in diam.; peduncle 1.5–5.5 cm; phyllaries 8–10, 1-seriate, herbaceous, linear, 3–6.5 mm, acute; outer chaff calycular bracts 5–6 mm, margin hyaline. Ray florets 0–5, sterile; lamina yellow, ca. 5.5 2.5– 3 mm, tube 1.2–1.5 mm. Disk florets bisexual, fertile; corolla 4–5.5 mm, tube 1.2–2 mm. Achenes linear, 9–19 ca. 1 mm, compressed, 4-angled, shortly strigose; pappus awns 3 or 4, 3–4 mm. Flowering September–November (Shi et al. 2011; Wu et al. 1994–2013) (Figs. 1, 2, 3, and 4). Native to Egypt, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Somalia, Sudan, Kenya, Tanzania, Uganda, Zaire, Ghana, Nigeria, Angola, Malawi, Mozambique, Zambia, Zimbabwe, Arabian Peninsula, China, Japan, Korea, Taiwan, Indonesia, Philippines, New Caledonia, and Solomon Islands. It grows at elevations between 1100 and 2000 m in moist and shady place in the forest and in Farms, village, along the roadside, cultivated areas and along the bank of small channels. There are eight species of Bidens presence in Nepal (Pre
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