Bidirectional Controlled Quantum Teleportation Using Eight-Qubit Quantum Channel in Noisy Environments
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Bidirectional Controlled Quantum Teleportation Using Eight-Qubit Quantum Channel in Noisy Environments Moein Sarvaghad-Moghaddam 1 & Zeinab Ramezani 2 & I. S. Amiri 3,4 Received: 31 March 2020 / Accepted: 6 August 2020/ # Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract
In this work, a novel protocol is proposed for bidirectional controlled quantum teleportation (BCQT) in which a quantum channel is used with the eight-qubit entangled state. Using the protocol, two users can teleport an arbitrary entangled state and a pure twoqubit state (QBS) to each other simultaneously under the permission of a third party in the role of controller. This protocol is based on the controlled-not operation, appropriate single-qubit (SIQ) UOs, and SIQ measurements in the Z and X-basis. Also, in this paper, a new criterion of merit named as (predictability of the controller’s qubit (QB) by the eavesdropper) is introduced, and the protocol is improved based on it. Then, the proposed protocol is investigated in two typical noisy channels, the amplitude-damping noise (ADN) and the phase-damping noise (PDN). The analysis of the protocol in the noisy environment shows that it only depends on the amplitude of the initial state and the decoherence noisy rate (DR). Keywords Bidirectional controlled teleportation . Two-qubit state . Entangled state . Eight-qubit channel . Amplitude-damping noise . Phase-damping noise
* I. S. Amiri [email protected] Moein Sarvaghad-Moghaddam [email protected] Zeinab Ramezani [email protected]
1
Quantum Design Automation Lab, Amirkabir University of Technology, Tehran, Iran
2
Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115, USA
3
Computational Optics Research Group, Advanced Institute of Materials Science, Ton Duc Thang University, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
4
Faculty of Applied Sciences, Ton Duc Thang University, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
International Journal of Theoretical Physics
1 Introduction One of the most outstanding results of the quantum information theory in theoretical and experimental is Quantum teleportation (QT) [1]. The original QT protocol was proposed by Bennett et al. [2]. Many theoretical and experimental papers are attributed to the study of QT and bidirectional QT (BQT) (With adding the ability to transmit information of each two users simultaneously) protocols so far [3–15]. Karlsson and Bourennane [16] firstly presented a Controlled QT (CQT) protocol In 1998. After that, many CQT protocols with quantum channels consists of various types of entangled states (ENSs) have been introduced [17–22]. In 2013, Zha et al. [23] proposed a Bidirectional CQT (BCQT) with a five-QB cluster state. Up to now, various BCQT protocols have been presented by using different multi-particle ESs, say five-QB EN [24], six-QB EN [25], and seven-QB EN [26]. Recently, two BCQT protocols using quantum channels composed of seven-QB ENs have been presented by Hong [27] and Sang [28]. In these schemes, Alice (A) can
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