Bilateral vestibulopathy: beyond imbalance and oscillopsia
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ORIGINAL COMMUNICATION
Bilateral vestibulopathy: beyond imbalance and oscillopsia F. M. P. Lucieer1 · R. Van Hecke2 · L. van Stiphout1 · S. Duijn3 · A. Perez‑Fornos4 · N. Guinand4 · V. Van Rompaey5 · H. Kingma1,6 · M. Joore7 · R. van de Berg1,6 Received: 14 April 2020 / Revised: 20 September 2020 / Accepted: 22 September 2020 © The Author(s) 2020
Abstract Objective To optimize the current diagnostic and treatment procedures for patients with bilateral vestibulopathy (BV), this study aimed to determine the complete spectrum of symptoms associated with BV. Method A prospective mixed-method study design was used. Qualitative data were collected by performing semi-structured interviews about symptoms, context, and behavior. The interviews were recorded and transcribed until no new information was obtained. Transcriptions were analyzed in consensus by two independent researchers. In comparison to the qualitative results, quantitative data were collected using the Dizziness Handicap Inventory (DHI), Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) and a health-related quality of life questionnaire (EQ-5D-5L). Results Eighteen interviews were transcribed. Reported symptoms were divided into fourteen physical symptoms, four cognitive symptoms, and six emotions. Symptoms increased in many situations, such as darkness (100%), uneven ground (61%), cycling (94%) or driving a car (56%). These symptoms associated with BV often resulted in behavioral changes: activities were performed more slowly, with greater attention, or were avoided. The DHI showed a mean score of severe handicap (54.67). The HADS questionnaire showed on average normal results (anxiety = 7.67, depression = 6.22). The EQ-5D-5L demonstrated a mean index value of 0.680, which is lower compared to the Dutch age-adjusted reference 0.839 (60–70 years). Conclusion BV frequently leads to physical, cognitive, and emotional complaints, which often results in a diminished quality of life. Importantly, this wide range of symptoms is currently underrated in literature and should be taken into consideration during the development of candidacy criteria and/or outcome measures for therapeutic interventions such as the vestibular implant. Keywords Bilateral vestibulopathy · Bilateral vestibular hypofunction · Outcome measures · Symptoms · Vestibular implant · Vestibular prosthesis
Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (https://doi.org/10.1007/s00415-020-10243-5) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. * F. M. P. Lucieer [email protected] 1
Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, Division of Balance Disorders, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, The Netherlands
2
Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Ghent, Ghent, Belgium
3
Faculty of Health, Medicine and life Sciences, University of Maastricht, Maastricht, The Netherlands
4
Service of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Depar
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