BIM-based LCA and energy analysis for optimised sustainable building design in Ghana
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BIM‑based LCA and energy analysis for optimised sustainable building design in Ghana Kofi A. B. Asare1 · Kirti D. Ruikar2 · Mariangela Zanni3,4 · Robby Soetanto2 Received: 16 July 2020 / Accepted: 13 October 2020 © The Author(s) 2020 OPEN
Abstract Integration of Building Information Modelling (BIM) and Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) is regarded as useful for making design decisions regarding the environmental and health impacts of building products and materials. This research aimed at studying the process of BIM-LCA integration to assist designers in making sustainable material and product selection decisions in Ghana. A guidance framework for implementation of BIM-LCA supported by energy analysis has been developed to aid optimisation of sustainable design solutions based on simulations using Autodesk Revit as a BIM authoring tool, Green Building Studio and Tally to perform energy and LCA simulations on a hypothetical two-bedroom single-family house. The research considers both operational and embodied carbon effects of the design solution. The framework aligns with the RIBA Plan of Work 2013 Stages 0–2 (i.e. Strategic definition, Preparation and briefing, and Concept design) and presents a systematic approach for BIM-based LCA estimation for the early design stages using the Business Process Modelling Notation. The paper proposes a generic approach which has the potential to incorporate LCA as an integral part to the BIM-enabled design development process. This assists designers in decision-making that consider environmental impacts of materials and energy consumption as part of sustainable building design considerations. Keywords Sustainability · Environmental impact assessment · Building information modelling · Life cycle assessment · BIM-LCA integration · Energy analysis
1 Introduction Designing buildings to respond to the wide and amorphous scope of sustainability requirements is challenging. The design of new buildings presents an opportunity for designers to make sustainable decisions to reduce environmental impacts and enhance human health. Consequently, designers have taken on a difficult, but important role, which requires in-depth knowledge on the environmental impacts of materials [1] as analysis of building performance has significantly become more complex at the early design stages [2]. Decisions made must be informed to make the process fluid and
efficient. Assessment methods such as Building Research Establishment Environmental Method (BREEAM), Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design (LEED), and the Sustainable Building Tool (SbTool) among others, have been developed to guide designers in providing environmentally friendly solutions [3]. However, these assessment methods do not offer guidance on the incorporation of sustainability considerations as an integral part of design delivery. Such tools revolve around the descriptors of sustainability, among which are the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (UN SDGs). The UN SDGs 11 and 13 obligate Ghana, like many other developing coun
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