Bio-corrosion and Cytotoxicity Studies on Novel Zr 55 Co 30 Ti 15 and Cu 60 Zr 20 Ti 20 Metallic Glasses
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NON crystalline nature in metallic glasses gives rise to remarkable combination of physical and chemical properties such as high yield strength, high hardness, excellent corrosion, and wear resistance. Low elastic modulus exhibited by metallic glasses, which inhibits stress shielding effect, is desirable for bio-implant applications.[1–3] Additionally, metallic glasses possess high strength-to-weight ratios which subsequently result in smaller implants and thus minimize the effect of foreign body response.[4,5] The chemical and structural homogeneity in metallic glasses and presence of single phase also favor biocompatibility. These properties are promising attributes for bio-implants especially for load-bearing applications. As a result, extensive studies on biological property evaluation of metallic glasses, especially on Zr-based systems are carried out.[6–8] Ni and Be are known to be cytotoxic and carcinogenic,[9] and the presence of such elements in metallic glasses may decrease the biocompatibility. Thus, the
S. VINCENT, Doctoral Student, and JATIN BHATT, Associate Professor, are with the Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, Visvesvaraya National Institute of Technology, Nagpur 440010, India. Contact e-mail:[email protected] A. DAIWILE, Doctoral Student, and S.S. DEVI, Principal Scientist, are with the Environmental Health Division, National Environmental Engineering Research Institute, Nagpur 440020, India. M.J. KRAMER, Division Director, is with the Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Ames Laboratory, US Department of Energy, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011. M.F. BESSER, Assistant Scientist, is with the Ames Laboratory, US Department of Energy, Iowa State University. B.S. MURTY, Professor, is with the Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai 600036, India. Manuscript submitted July 28, 2014. METALLURGICAL AND MATERIALS TRANSACTIONS A
emphasis is on synthesis of glassy alloys that are free from such cytotoxic elements. Accordingly, a series of Ni- and Be-free Zr-based and Mg-based glassy alloys were synthesized and studied for biocompatibility tests.[10–12] Liu and co-workers[13–18] developed a series of Ni-free glassy alloys such as Zr-Nb-Cu-Pd-Al, Zr-TiCu-Fe-Al, Zr-Nb-Cu-Fe-Al, and Zr-Co-Al-Ag to study their biocorrosion properties and cytotoxic effects. These Zr-based glassy alloys[13–18] are reported to exhibit excellent biocorrosion resistance in artificial body fluids in comparison with traditional bio-implant materials such as 316L stainless steel and Ti-6Al-4V alloys. Cell viability in Zr-based glassy alloys is also found to be better than traditional implant materials. Huang et al.[19] reported good corrosion resistance and better cell adhesion morphology of Zr-Cu-Al glassy alloy in comparison with biomedical Ti alloy. However, Zr-based glassy alloys that are extensively studied for biocompatibility so far have either Cu or Al content[13–19] in excess and it has been reported that excess of Cu and
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