Bio Focus
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Downloaded from https://www.cambridge.org/core. IP address: 80.82.77.83, on 21 Aug 2017 at 21:12:31, subject to the Cambridge Core terms of use, available at https://www.cambridge.org/core/terms. https://doi.org/10.1557/mrs.2011.47
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NEWS & ANALYSIS RESEARCH/RESEARCHERS the cells. The ECM hinders diffusion of molecules through the biofilm, which limits the effectiveness of antimicrobials and can lead to drug resistance. The he performance of heat exchangers, resulting pernicious nature of biofilms ventilation systems, ship hulls, and is commonly associated with the commedical implants are often compromised plex chemistry of the ECM. However, by biofilms. Biofilms are communities researchers at Harvard University have of microorganisms that form on solid recently demonstrated that the chemistry or fluid interfaces and are designed to and topography of biofilms of the bacteprotect the individual cells, such as ria Bacillus subtilis exhibit nonwetting bacteria, from the environment. Protecbehavior, which provides an additional tion largely comes from the extraceldefense mechanism. lular matrix (ECM) that is secreted by As reported in the January 18th issue of the Proceedings of the National θ>90° θ 90°) and wetting centration of 80% (θ < 90°) surfaces. (b) Contact angle of the wild-type (WT) biofilm of ethanol. HydrophoB. subtilis for a series of water/ethanol solutions. The contact angle bic materials such remains relatively constant at ~135° up to a concentration of 80% ethanol. Polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) demonstrates an incremental as Teflon® exhibit decrease in contact angle with the concentration of ethanol (surface a linear decrease in tension of the liquid). The green region denoting 60–90% ethanol is commonly regarded as antimicrobial for free-swimming bacteria. contact angle with Source: PNAS 108 (3)(2011) DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1011033108; p. 995. ethanol concentra© 2011 National Academy of Sciences. tion and even 20%
ethanol solution wets its surface. This is significant because it demonstrates that liquid does not reach the bulk of the biofilm and no chemical change occurs in the biofilm exposed to 60–70% ethanol—a range commonly thought to be disinfectant. To further describe the fluid-repellent nature of the biofilm, the researchers examined the influence of topography. These biofilms naturally have an undulating surface at the 10s–100s μm scale. Confocal microscopy showed that drops containing a fluorescent dye stained only on the top layer of the biofilm and did not penetrate into the grooves of the surface.
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