Bio-processing of macroalgae Palmaria palmata : metabolite fractionation from pressed fresh material and ensiling consid
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Bio-processing of macroalgae Palmaria palmata: metabolite fractionation from pressed fresh material and ensiling considerations for long-term storage J. A. Gallagher 1 & J. M. M. Adams 1
&
L. B. Turner 1 & M. E. Kirby 2 & T. A. Toop 2 & M. W. Mirza 2 & M. K. Theodorou 2
Received: 23 June 2020 / Revised and accepted: 30 September 2020 # The Author(s) 2020
Abstract Red algae, belonging to the phylum Rhodophyta, contain an abundance of useful chemicals including bioactive molecules and present opportunities for the production of different products through biorefinery cascades. The rhodophyte Palmaria palmata, commonly termed dulse or dillisk, grows predominantly on the northern coasts of the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans and is a well-known snack food. Due to its abundance, availability and cultivation capacity, P. palmata was selected for study as a potential candidate for a biorefinery process. In addition to studying juice and solid fractions of freshly harvested P. palmata, we have investigated the novel possibility of preserving algal biomass by ensilaging protocols similar to those employed for terrestrial forage crops. In the metabolite partitioning within the solid and liquid fractions following screw-pressing, the majority of the metabolites screened for—water soluble carbohydrates, proteins and amino acids, lipids, pigments, phenolics and antioxidant activity—remained in the solid fraction, though at differing proportions depending on the metabolite, from 70.8% soluble amino acids to 98.2% chlorophyll a and 98.1% total carotenoids. For the ensiling study, screw-pressed P. palmata, with comparative wilted and chopped, and chopped only samples, were ensiled at scale with and without Safesil silage additive. All samples were successfully ensiled after 90 days, with screw-pressing giving lower or equal pH before and after ensiling compared with the other preparations. Of particular note was the effluent volumes generated during ensiling: 26– 49% of the fresh weight, containing 16–34% of the silage dry matter. This may be of advantage depending on the final use of the biomass. Keywords Biorefining . Dulse . Effluent . Rhodophyta . Screw-pressing . Seaweed . Silage
Introduction Green biorefining aims to optimize the use of biomass to ensure that resources are fully exploited through the production of various marketable products in coordinated process streams (Yuan and Macquarrie 2015). The development of new fractionation processes in green biorefineries to produce, for example, proteins, bio-based platform chemicals (building * J. M. M. Adams [email protected] 1
Institute of Biological, Environmental and Rural Sciences, Aberystwyth University, Gogerddan, Aberystwyth, Ceredigion SY23 3EE, UK
2
Agricultural Centre for Sustainable Energy Systems, Department of Agriculture and the Environment, Harper Adams University, Newport, Shropshire TF10 8NB, UK
blocks made from renewable materials which can be converted to a wide range of chemicals or materials), food additives, therapeutics, fermentation media, animal feed
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