Biochar application for environmental management and toxic pollutant remediation
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REVIEW ARTICLE
Biochar application for environmental management and toxic pollutant remediation Shaon Kumar Das 1,2
&
Goutam Kumar Ghosh 2 & Ravikant Avasthe 1
Received: 26 July 2020 / Revised: 2 October 2020 / Accepted: 9 October 2020 # Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract Utilizing of biochar as an amendment for environmental management has been a catalyst for the recent global enthusiasm for advancing biochar production technology and its management. While both research and development of biochar for environmental management at a global scale are a somewhat recent development, it is by no means new in certain regions and has even been the subject of scientific research for quite some time. This article deals with both positive and negative impacts of biochar application for environmental management and toxic pollutant remediation by collecting exponentially increased number of publications and summarizes it to explain that how biochar can enhance in greenhouse gasses (GHGs) emission reduction, wastewater reuse, fertilizer pollution minimizing, mineral nutrients leaching reduction, and land degradation with soil erosion management. It also provides new insights into the state-of-the-art accomplishments of biochar’s potential on the removal of heavy metal, toxic pollutant, and renewable energy generation was also considered. Biochar can significantly be used to trim down the leachability and bioavailability of different organic toxic pollutants via sorption mechanism. Increasing the carbon sink in soil through biochar application can help to reduce the amounts of carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4), and nitrous oxide (N2O) emission in environment. The future researches should focus on the long-term environmental fate of organic pollutant sorbed on biochar. Keywords Biochar . GHGs . Wastewater . Controlled-release fertilizer . Heavy metal . Toxic pollutant
1 Introduction Biochar application in soil has great potential to boost extended and long-standing carbon stabilization due to the fact that biochar carbon is very much recalcitrant in the habitat and has an aromatic structure [1]. The multi-functions of biochar for environmental management have been presented in Fig. 2. Utilizing waste crop residues for making biochar followed by its application in soil is identified as an improved approach of disposal compared with straight burning in open pasture [2, 3]. For sustainable environmental application, the biochar utilization as an amendment is a catalyst for the recent global
* Shaon Kumar Das [email protected] 1
ICAR Research Complex for NEH Region, Sikkim Centre, Gangtok, Sikkim 737102, India
2
Palli Siksha Bhavana, Visva Bharati, Sriniketan, Birbhum, West Bengal 731236, India
enthusiasm [4]. To address the anticipated problems in the ecological and agronomic sectors, biochar use as a specially designed amendment offers a realistic path [5]. Biochar is recalcitrant due to the presence of aromatic carbon and thus makes it unbreakable to microbial decomposition than norm
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