Biofertilizers: Sustainable Approach for Growing Population Needs
Inorganic chemical compounds which created a severe risk to human health and the atmosphere are primarily based on existing soil management policies. In agriculture it is important for their prospective function in meeting the safeguards and sustainable c
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Biofertilizers: Sustainable Approach for Growing Population Needs Saima Hamid, Bhat Mohd Skinder, and Mohammad Yaseen Mir
Abstract Inorganic chemical compounds which created a severe risk to human health and the atmosphere are primarily based on existing soil management policies. In agriculture it is important for their prospective function in meeting the safeguards and sustainable crops to exploit beneficial microbes as a biofertilizer. Biofertilizer contains microorganisms that promote adequate nutrient supply to host plants and ensure that their physiology is properly developed and regulated. Eco- friendly methods are used to encourage a broad variety of applications for crop growing to promote rhizobacteria (plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria, PGPR), ectomycorrhizal mushrooms, cyanobacteria, as well as many other helpful microscopic species. The chapter outlined biofertilizer translators to trigger multiple developments and defense genes for binding network of cellular tracts to produce cells and thereby enhance crop development. The vital characteristics are plant growth and productivity, nutrient profile, plant defense, and safety. It offers an economically attractive and environmentally sound route to increase the supply of nutrients. The information acquired from the literature assessed will assist us to comprehend biofertilizer’s physiological foundation for viable farming in order to reduce the issues of the use of chemical fertilizers. Keywords Biofertilizer · Crop improvement · Environmental stress · Mode of action of biofertilizers · Sustainable agriculture
8.1 Introduction The traditional farming sector performs a key part in fulfilling an increasing human population’s nutrition requirements, which also lead to an increase in reliance on chemical fertilizers and pesticides (Santos et al. 2012). Chemicals fertilizers are industrially handled, and their exploitation creates air and groundwater pollution S. Hamid · B. M. Skinder (*) · M. Y. Mir Department of Environmental Science/Centre of Research for Development, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, India © Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2021 K. R. Hakeem et al. (eds.), Microbiota and Biofertilizers, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-48771-3_8
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through water body eutrophication by materials made of recognized quantities of nitrogen (N), phosphorus (N), and potassium (K) (Yousef and Eissa 2014). Recent attempts to guarantee sustainable conduct have been more channeled to the manufacturing of nutrient-rich, quality food. The creative approach in farm production draws increasing requirement for organic fertilizers based solely on organics (Raja 2013). In order to support new soil fertilization techniques in agriculture, organic materials are used to enhance nutrient availability and to conserve conservation of the area (Araujo et al. 2008). Organic agriculture is one of the methods which not only guarantees the safety of meat but also contributes to ground biological diversity (Megali et al. 2013). Ad
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