Biogenic FeS promotes dechlorination and thus de-cytotoxity of trichloroethylene
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RESEARCH PAPER
Biogenic FeS promotes dechlorination and thus de‑cytotoxity of trichloroethylene Zhenyuan Nie1,2 · Na Wang1 · Xu Xia1 · Jinlan Xia1,2 · Hongchang Liu1,2 · Yuhang Zhou1 · Yu Deng1 · Zhen Xue1 Received: 27 December 2019 / Accepted: 29 April 2020 © Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract Abiotic iron monosulfide (FeS) has attracted growing interests in dechlorinating trichloroethylene (TCE) in anoxic groundwater, but it is still unclear how biogenic FeS affects the dechlorination and thus the cytotoxity of TCE. In this work, a biogenic FeS was synthesized by Shewanella oneidensis MR-1 with addition of ferrihydrite and S0, and it was used for dechlorination of TCE in alkaline environment and the de-cytotoxicity was evaluated by the growth of Synechocystis sp. PCC6803. The results show that the biogenic FeS was of mackinawite, with a loose flower-like mosaic structure. The dechlorination of TCE by the biogenic FeS was accelerated by 6 times than that by abiotic FeS. TCE was dechlorinated mainly by hydrogenolysis to form dichloroethane (C2H2Cl2), vinyl chloride ( C2H3Cl), and finally ethylene, accompanied with transformation of both Fe2+ to F e3+ and monosulfide to disulfide and polysulfide on the biogenic FeS surface. The concentration for 50% of maximal inhibition effect (EC50) of TCE to Synechocystis was 486 mg/L and the inhibition to Synechocystis under the EC50 was relieved more significantly on addition of the biogenic FeS than that of abiotic FeS. These results indicate that the biogenic FeS promoted the dechlorination and thus de-cytotoxity of TCE. Graphic abstract
Keywords Trichloroethylene · FeS · dechlorination · Synechocystis · De-cytotoxity Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (https://doi.org/10.1007/s00449-020-02369-7) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. Extended author information available on the last page of the article
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Introduction Trichloroethene (TCE) has been used widely as organic solvents for dry-cleaning chemicals and industrial degreasers in the past [1]. The inappropriate and unlimited use and slow biodegradation of TCE lead to the widespread contamination in groundwater [2]. TCE is categorized as a Group 1 carcinogen by the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) and also listed as a priority pollutant by the United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) [3]. Strong evidence of carcinogenicity has suggested that TCE induces tumors in human kidney, liver, lung and hematopoietic tissue [4]. Not only threaten the human health, TCE also has a long-term ecotoxic effects on environment. As the primary productivity of aquatic ecosystems, the abundance of microalgae is an important factor to assess ecological risk in aquatic ecosystems [5]. Many studies have found that TCE could significantly inhibit the growth of Synecococcus elongatus and other Synechococcus-like cyanobacteria, the common microalgae in freshwater ecosystem, and
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