Biology and Ecology of Norway Spruce
Norway spruce (Picea abies L.) is an important tree species with a remarkable natural range throughout Europe and Asia, ranging from the Balkan Peninsula to Siberia in the north and from the French Alps in the west to the Sea of Okhotsk in the east. Where
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FORESTRY SCIENCES Volume 78
The titles published in this series are listed at the end of this volume.
Biology and Ecology of Norway Spruce edited by
Mark G. Tjoelker Adam BoratyĔski and
Wáadysáaw Bugaáa
A C.I.P. Catalogue record for this book is available from the Library of Congress. ISBN-10 1-4020-4840-8 (HB) ISBN-10 1-4020-4841-6 (e-book) ISBN-13 978-1-4020-4840-1 (HB) ISBN-13 978-1-4020-4841-6 (e-book) ISBN-10 83-60247-62-5 ISBN-13 978-83-60247-62-4
Published by Springer, P.O. Box 17, 3300 AA Dordrecht, The Netherlands.
Printed on acid-free paper
Jointly published with Polish publisher Bogucki Wydawnictwo Naukowe, PoznaĔ, Poland. Original Polish edition published by Bogucki Wydawnictwo Naukowe, PoznaĔ, Poland, 1998
All Rights Reserved © 2007 Springer No part of this work may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, microfilming, recording or otherwise, without written permission from the Publisher, with the exception of any material supplied specifically for the purpose of being entered and executed on a computer system, for exclusive use by the purchaser of the work.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
1. Paleorecord of Norway spruce . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 ANDRZEJ ŚRODOŃ , KAZIMIERZ TOBOLSKI 2. Morphology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 TADEUSZ PRZYBYLSKI 3. Taxonomy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15 WŁADYSŁAW BUGAŁA 4. Geographic distribution . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23 KRYSTYNA BORATYŃSKA 5. The Central European disjunctions in the range of Norway Spruce . . 37 ADAM BORATYŃSKI 6. Anatomy, embryology, and karyology. Bud structure and shoot development . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49 ALINA HEJNOWICZ 7. Growth and nutrition . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71 7.1. Hormonal regulation of growth and development STANISŁAWA PUKACKA
. . . . . . . . . 71
7.2. Mineral nutrition . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 80 HENRYK FOBER 8. Reproduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 97 8. 1. Reproductive development . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 97 WŁADYSŁAW CHAŁUPKA 8.2. Vegetative propagation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 107 WŁADYSŁAW BARZDAJN 9. Genetics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 115 9.1. Provenance variation and inheritance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 115 MACIEJ GIERTYCH 9.2. Biochemical genetics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 147 LEON MEJNARTOWICZ & ANDRZEJ LEWANDOWSKI
v
10. Mycorrhiza . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 157 10.1.The mycorrhizal status of Norway spruce . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 157 MARIA L. RUDAWSKA 10.2. Ectomycorrhizal symbiosis and environmental stresses . . . . . . 182 BARBARA KIELISZEWSKA-ROKICKA 11. Outline of ecology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
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