Biomarker analysis of the upper Jurassic Naokelekan and Barsarin formations in the Miran Well-2, Miran oil field, Kurdis
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ORIGINAL PAPER
Biomarker analysis of the upper Jurassic Naokelekan and Barsarin formations in the Miran Well-2, Miran oil field, Kurdistan region, Iraq Ibrahim M. J. Mohialdeen 1 & Karwan A. Mustafa 1 & Danyar A. Salih 1 & Mark A. Sephton 2 & Diyar A. Saeed 3 Received: 14 January 2017 / Accepted: 11 January 2018 / Published online: 25 January 2018 # Saudi Society for Geosciences 2018
Abstract The Miran oilfield is one of the new oil fields in Kurdistan region, northern Iraq, located in the Sulaimani Governorate. Twelve Cuttings samples from the Upper Jurassic Naokelekan and Barsarin formations in well Miran-2 were selected for detailed organic geochemical investigations. All the samples were subjected to bitumen extraction in order to study any biomarkers present using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. The dominance of low-molecular-weight n-alkanes and other calculated parameters indicate a marine source for the organic matter derived from planktonic algal and bacterial precursors deposited under anoxic conditions. The isoprenoids/n-alkanes ratios indicate type II and mixed II/III kerogen for both formations. The type II/III kerogen is characteristic of transitional environment under anoxic to dysoxic conditions as also indicated by the homohopane index for studied samples. More argillaceous carbonate rocks were deposited when reducing conditions were prevalent. Medium to high gammacerane index values in the rock extracts probably indicate a stratified water column during deposition of both formations. The studied samples from both formations have entered peak oil window maturity as reflected from the biomarker ratios from both aliphatic and aromatic fractions of the extracts. Keywords Naokelekan . Barsarin . Anoxic conditions . Organic matter . Kurdistan . Biomarkers
Introduction In the last decade, investigation has begun for oil and gas in the Iraqi region of Kurdistan. Significant numbers of well-known international companies are exploring and producing petroleum in selected blocks in Kurdistan. Although many of the investigated blocks are still in the early exploration stage, many boreholes have been drilled, fields have been identified, and some have reached the hydrocarbon production stage.
* Karwan A. Mustafa [email protected] 1
Department of Geology, College of Science, University of Sulaimani, Kurdistan, Iraq
2
Department of Earth Science and Engineering, Imperial College London, South Kensington Campus, London SW7 2AZ, UK
3
Kurdistan Institution for Strategic Study and Scientific Research, Sulaimani, Kurdistan, Iraq
Tectonically, oil fields in Kurdistan and northern Iraq are located in the Zagros Fold Belt. Upper Jurassic sedimentary rock units are the most effective source rocks and the Upper Jurassic- Lower Cretaceous succession is the most significant petroleum system in Iraq (Mohialdeen 2008; Abeed et al. 2011; Mohialdeen et al. 2013). Moreover, the Upper Jurassic source rocks are organic-rich marine carbonate rocks having very good hydrocarbon generation potentials and bei
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