Biomass-degrading glycoside hydrolases of archaeal origin
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(2020) 13:153 Suleiman et al. Biotechnol Biofuels https://doi.org/10.1186/s13068-020-01792-y
Open Access
REVIEW
Biomass‑degrading glycoside hydrolases of archaeal origin Marcel Suleiman1,2*, Anna Krüger1 and Garabed Antranikian1
Abstract During the last decades, the impact of hyperthermophiles and their enzymes has been intensively investigated for implementation in various high-temperature biotechnological processes. Biocatalysts of hyperthermophiles have proven to show extremely high thermo-activities and thermo-stabilities and are identified as suitable candidates for numerous industrial processes with harsh conditions, including the process of an efficient plant biomass pretreatment and conversion. Already-characterized archaea-originated glycoside hydrolases (GHs) have shown highly impressive features and numerous enzyme characterizations indicated that these biocatalysts show maximum activities at a higher temperature range compared to bacterial ones. However, compared to bacterial biomass-degrading enzymes, the number of characterized archaeal ones remains low. To discover new promising archaeal GH candidates, it is necessary to study in detail the microbiology and enzymology of extremely high-temperature habitats, ranging from terrestrial to marine hydrothermal systems. State-of-the art technologies such as sequencing of genomes and metagenomes and automated binning of genomes out of metagenomes, combined with classical microbiological culture-dependent approaches, have been successfully performed to detect novel promising biomass-degrading hyperthermozymes. In this review, we will focus on the detection, characterization and similarities of archaeal GHs and their unique characteristics. The potential of hyperthermozymes and their impact on high-temperature industrial applications have not yet been exhausted. Keywords: Archaea, Glycoside hydrolases, Hyperthermozymes, Hydrothermal systems, Bioeconomy Background Fossil resources are still the main source of energy as well as for the production of many chemicals. To develop a sustainable economy without the use of these limited resources, governments worldwide initiated research and development strategies for the transition from an oil-based to a circular bio-based economy [1]. A central element of this bioeconomy is the development of sustainable biorefineries, which use renewable resources as feedstock, such as plant biomass, instead of oil [2] (Fig. 1).
*Correspondence: [email protected] 1 Institute of Technical Microbiology, University of Technology Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany Full list of author information is available at the end of the article
The first generation of biofuels uses plant biomass from sugarcane, sugar beet, wheat and crops. Hence, first-generation biofuels, including bioethanol and biodiesel, are mainly produced from starch and vegetable oils [3, 4]. Nevertheless, since biomass for first-generation biofuels consists of potentially edible plant material and, further, requires large areas of agriculture fields, other sources of b
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