Biomechanics Associated with Patellofemoral Pain and ACL Injuries in Sports
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SYSTEMATIC REVIEW
Biomechanics Associated with Patellofemoral Pain and ACL Injuries in Sports Kaitlyn Weiss1
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Chris Whatman1
Ó Springer International Publishing Switzerland 2015
Abstract Background Knee injuries are prevalent among a variety of competitive sports and can impact an athlete’s ability to continue to participate in their sport or, in the worst case, end an athlete’s career. Objective The aim was to evaluate biomechanics associated with both patellofemoral pain syndrome (PFPS) and anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injuries (in sports involving landing, change in direction, or rapid deceleration) across the three time points frequently reported in the literature: pre-injury, at the time of injury, and following injury. Methods A search of the literature was conducted for research evaluating biomechanics associated with ACL injury and PFPS. The Web of Science, SPORTDiscus, EBSCO, PubMed, and CINAHL databases, to March 2015, were searched, and journal articles focused on ACL injuries and PFPS in sports that met the inclusion criteria were reviewed. The search methodology was created with the intent of extracting case–control, case, and cohort studies of knee injury in athletic populations. The search strategy was restricted to only full-text articles published in English. These articles were included in the review if they met all of the required selection criteria. The following inclusion
Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1007/s40279-015-0353-4) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. & Kaitlyn Weiss [email protected] 1
Faculty of Health and Environmental Science, Sports Performance Research Institute New Zealand (SPRINZ), School of Sport and Recreation, Auckland University of Technology, Auckland, New Zealand
criteria were used: (1) The study must report lower extremity biomechanics in one of the following settings: (a) a comparison of currently injured and uninjured participants, (b) a prospective study evaluating risk factors for injury, or (c) a study reporting on the injury event itself. (2) The study must include only currently active participants who were similar at baseline (i.e. healthy, high school level basketball players currently in-season) and include biomechanical analysis of either landing, change in direction, or rapid deceleration. (3) The study must include currently injured participants. The studies were graded on the basis of quality, which served as an indication of risk of bias. An adapted version of the ‘Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology’ (STROBE) guidelines was used to rate observational research. Results Fifteen journal articles focusing on ACL injuries and PFPS in sports met the inclusion criteria. These included three associated with both ACL injuries and PFPS across multiple time points. There was limited evidence for an association between ankle biomechanics and knee injury, with only one ACL injury study identifying decreased plantar flexion in association wit
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