Biosorption of copper using nopal fibres: moolooite formation and magnesium role in the reactive crystallization mechani
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ORIGINAL RESEARCH
Biosorption of copper using nopal fibres: moolooite formation and magnesium role in the reactive crystallization mechanism Ara Carballo-Meilan . Elizabeth Herna´ndez-Francisco . Gustavo Sosa-Loyde . Jose´ Bonilla-Cruz . Paul Russell . Zulfiqur Ali . Alejandra Garcı´a-Garcı´a . Alejandro Arizpe-Zapata . Francisco Longoria-Rodrı´guez . Tania E. Lara-Ceniceros . Chun-Yang Yin Received: 4 May 2020 / Accepted: 10 September 2020 The Author(s) 2020
Abstract In this contribution, we present findings on biosorption of Cu (II) ions using novel alkali-treated nopal fibres. The biosorption data at equilibrium were fitted to several isotherm models and the biosorbent was characterized by XRD and SEM–EDX. The biosorption mechanism was investigated using a holistic approach of pH shifts, apparent colour variations and changes in the concentration of Cu(II) and dissolved hard ions (calcium and magnesium) in the Cu(II) solution. The correlation between the colour, XRD analysis, pH shifts and hard cations released from the biosorbent into the solution suggested the existence of two crystal formations, malachite and
moolooite, in what appears to be a microprecipitation mechanism via reactive crystallization. The role of magnesium during the transformation of malachite into moolooite during the copper binding mechanism is analysed. Magnesium cations were released into the solution during malachite growth but were taken up from the solution during the moolooite crystal growth phase. The shift of the molar ratio Mg/Ca was located between the two inflexion points of the crystal growth transition. This specific location at the sorption isotherm was correlated with the colour evolution by a linear discriminant model confirming its association with the polymorphs.
A. Carballo-Meilan P. Russell School of Computing, Engineering and Digital Technologies, Teesside University, Borough Road, Middlesbrough TS1 3BA, UK
A. Garcı´a-Garcı´a A. Arizpe-Zapata F. Longoria-Rodrı´guez Centro de Investigacio´n en Materiales Avanzados S. C. (CIMAV-Unidad Monterrey), Av. Alianza Norte 202, Autopista Monterrey-Aeropuerto Km 10, PIIT, C.P. 66628 Apodaca, Nuevo Leo´n, Me´xico
E. Herna´ndez-Francisco G. Sosa-Loyde J. Bonilla-Cruz T. E. Lara-Ceniceros (&) Advanced Functional Materials and Nanotechnology Group, Centro de Investigacio´n en Materiales Avanzados S. C. (CIMAV-Unidad Monterrey), Av. Alianza Norte 202, Autopista Monterrey-Aeropuerto Km 10, PIIT, C.P. 66628 Apodaca, Nuevo Leo´n, Me´xico e-mail: [email protected]
C.-Y. Yin (&) Newcastle University in Singapore, 537 Clementi Road #06-01, SIT Building @ Ngee Ann Polytechnic, Singapore 599493, Singapore e-mail: [email protected]
Z. Ali (&) Healthcare Innovation Centre, School of Health and Life Sciences, Teesside University, Middlesbrough, Tees Valley TS1 3BX, UK e-mail: [email protected]
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Cellulose
Graphic abstract
Keywords Biosorption Microprecipitation Crystallization Moolooite Cactus
Introduct
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