Blood Brothers The Criminal Underworld of Asia
From pirates singing Ricky Martin to mob hits carried out with samurai swords, Bertil Lintner offers a fascinating look at organized crime in the Asia Pacific. Both Western and Asian pundits assert that shady deals are an Asian way of life. Some argue tha
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BLOOD BROTHERS The Criminal Underworld of Asia
Bertil Lintner
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BLOOD BROTHERS
Copyright© Bertil Lintner, 2002. Soft:cover reprint of the hardcover I st edition 2002 978-1-4039-6154-9
All rights reserved. No part of this book may be used or reproduced in any manner whatsoever without written permission except in the case of brief quotations embodied in critical articles or reviews. First published 2003 by PALGRAVE MACMILLAN™ 175 Fifth Avenue, New York, N.Y. 10010 and Houndmills, Basingstoke, Hampshire, England RG21 6XS. Companies and representatives throughout the world.
PALGRAVE MACMILLAN is the global academic imprint of the Palgrave Macmillan division of St. Martin's Press, LLC and of Palgrave Macmillan Ltd. Macmillan® is a registered trademark in the United States, United Kingdom and other countries. Palgrave is a registered trademark in the European Union and other countries. ISBN 978-1-349-73128-2 ISBN 978-1-137-06294-9 (eBook) DOI 10.1007/978-1-137-06294-9
Library of Congress Cataloguing-in-Publication Data available from the Library of Congress. First published in 2002 by Allen & Unwin. First PALGRAVE MACMILLAN edition: March 2003. 10
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CONTENTS A note on names Acknowledgements Introduction 1 Whore of the East 2 The City of the Name of God 3 The dark masters of Kabuki 4 A country without limits 5 The Great Golden Peninsula 6 The pirate republic 7 Wizardry in the land of Oz 8 Climbing the mountain of gold Appendix: The 36 Oaths of China's Triad Societies Notes Bibliography Index
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388 392 434 444
ANOTE ON NAMES It is almost impossible to be consistent in Romanising Chinese names, but I have used Pinyin in most cases, except for familiar names more commonly spelled according to the Wade-Giles system (for instance, Chiang Kai-shek instead of Jiang Jieshi). The names of Malaysian Chinese and Indonesian Chinese have been spelled according to the local systems of Romanisation. In all cases, the surname comes first followed by given names. For Japanese names, which actually follow the same pattern, I have used the system with which most non-Japanese are familiar: the given name first, followed by the surname. All amounts in dollars ($) mean US dollars, unless otherwise indicated.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I am grateful to a large number of people who have directly and indirectly assisted me in writing this book. I received extraordinary help from my friend Ko-lin Chin, the world's foremost expert on illegal Chinese migration and ethnic Chinese gangs in North America who also shares my interest in Burma and the Golden Triangle, as well as Harald Bruning of Reuters and the South China Morning Post who knows more than any other westerner about all aspects of life and society in Macau, and Leung Yat-chan of Hong Kong's Oriental Daily News, whose insights into the underworld in Hong Kong and Macau are umque. Lynn Pan's accounts of old Shanghai were extremely helpful for my attempts to reconstruct events in that city in the 1920s and 1930s. Investi
