Blunting EU Regulation 1107/2009: following a regulation into a system of agricultural innovation
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Blunting EU Regulation 1107/2009: following a regulation into a system of agricultural innovation Sophie Payne‑Gifford1 · C. S. Srinivasan2 · Peter Dorward2 Accepted: 25 November 2020 © The Author(s) 2020
Abstract This paper explores the role of regulation and legislation on influencing the development and diffusion of technologies and methods of crop production. To do this, the change in pesticide registration under European Regulation 1107/2009 ‘Placing Plant Protection Products on the Market’ was followed through the UK’s agricultural system of innovation. Fieldwork included: a series of interviews conducted with scientists, agronomists and industry organisations; a programme of visiting agricultural events; as well as sending an electronic survey to British potato growers. The innovation system is noted to have made the legislation less restrictive than originally proposed. The most notable system response to the legislation is the adjustment of agrochemical company pesticide discovery strategy and their expansion into biologically derived treatments. There have also been other innovation responses: agricultural seed companies have been breeding in pathogen resistance in their cultivars; agricultural consultancies are prepared to recommend pathogen-resistant seeds; scientists are using the change as justification for adopting their solutions; the agricultural levy boards funded research into off-label pesticide uses; and producers, potato growers in particular, have been seeking advice, but not changing their growing practices. Keywords Systems of Innovation · Multi-sited ethnography · Legislation · Campaigning · Pesticides · Regulation 1107/2009 Abbreviations ADAS Agriculture Development Advisory Services AHDB Agriculture and Horticulture Development Board APPG All Party Parliamentary Group BASF Badische Anilin- & Soda Fabrik DDT Dichloro-diphenyl-trichloroethane DNA Deoxyribonucleic acid EC European Commission * C. S. Srinivasan [email protected] Sophie Payne‑Gifford s.payne‑[email protected] Peter Dorward [email protected] 1
Centre for Agriculture, Food and Environmental Management Research, School of Life and Medical Sciences, University of Hertfordshire, College Lane, Hatfield, Hertfordshire AL10 9AB, UK
School of Agriculture Policy and Development, University of Reading, Whiteknights, PO Box 237, Reading RG6 6AR, UK
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EU European Union GATT General Agreement on Trade and Agriculture GM Genetically modified GIS Geographic information system GPS Global positioning system HEI Higher education institute IPM Integrated pest management MNC Multinational corporation NGO Non Governmental Organisation PPE Personal protective equipment R&D Research and development SCEPTRE Sustainable Crop and Environment Protection–Target Research for Edibles SI Systems of Innovation UK United Kingdom USA United States of America WFD Water Framework Directive
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Introduction That the twenty-first century needs another agricultural revolution is wel
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