Bottom Up Ethics - Neuroenhancement in Education and Employment
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ORIGINAL PAPER
Bottom Up Ethics - Neuroenhancement in Education and Employment Imre Bard & George Gaskell & Agnes Allansdottir & Rui Vieira da Cunha & Peter Eduard & Juergen Hampel & Elisabeth Hildt & Christian Hofmaier & Nicole Kronberger & Sheena Laursen & Anna Meijknecht & Salvör Nordal & Alexandre Quintanilha & Gema Revuelta & Núria Saladié & Judit Sándor & Júlio Borlido Santos & Simone Seyringer & Ilina Singh & Han Somsen & Winnie Toonders & Helge Torgersen & Vincent Torre & Márton Varju & Hub Zwart
Received: 8 February 2018 / Accepted: 18 April 2018 # The Author(s) 2018
Abstract Neuroenhancement involves the use of neurotechnologies to improve cognitive, affective or behavioural functioning, where these are not judged to be clinically impaired. Questions about enhancement have become one of the key topics of neuroethics over
the past decade. The current study draws on in-depth public engagement activities in ten European countries giving a bottom-up perspective on the ethics and desirability of enhancement. This informed the design of an online contrastive vignette experiment that was
Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (https://doi.org/10.1007/s12152-018-9366-7) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. I. Bard (*) : G. Gaskell Department of Methodology, London School of Economics, London, UK e-mail: [email protected]
N. Kronberger : S. Seyringer Department of Social and Economic Psychology, Johannes Kepler University, Linz, Austria
A. Allansdottir Toscana Life Sciences Foundation, Siena, Italy
A. Meijknecht : H. Somsen Tilburg Institute for Law, Technology, and Society, Tilburg University, Tilburg, The Netherlands
R. V. da Cunha : A. Quintanilha : J. B. Santos Institute of Molecular and Cellulaor Biology, Porto, Portugal
S. Nordal Centre for Ethics University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
P. Eduard : S. Laursen Experimentarium, Science Communication Centre, Copenhagen, Denmark
G. Revuelta : N. Saladié Centre on Science, Communication and Society Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain
J. Hampel : C. Hofmaier Center for Interdisciplinary Risk and Innovation Studies, Stuttgart University, Stuttgart, Germany
J. Sándor : M. Varju The Center for Ethics and Law in Biomedicine Central European University, Budapest, Hungary
E. Hildt Center for the Study of Ethics in the Professions, Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, IL, USA
I. Singh Department of Psychiatry and Oxford Uehiro Centre University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
I. Bard et al.
administered to representative samples of 1000 respondents in the ten countries and the United States. The experiment investigated how the gender of the protagonist, his or her level of performance, the efficacy of the enhancer and the mode of enhancement affected support for neuroenhancement in both educational and employment contexts. Of these, higher efficacy and lower performance were found to increase willingness to support enhancement. A series of commonly articulated claims about the indivi
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