Boundary-Layer Flow Over Complex Topography
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Boundary-Layer Flow Over Complex Topography John Finnigan1 · Keith Ayotte2 · Ian Harman3 · Gabriel Katul4 · Holly Oldroyd5 · Edward Patton6 · Davide Poggi7 · Andrew Ross8 · Peter Taylor9 Received: 25 May 2020 / Accepted: 12 August 2020 © Springer Nature B.V. 2020
Abstract We review developments in the field of boundary-layer flow over complex topography, focussing on the period from 1970 to the present day. The review follows two parallel strands: the impact of hills on flow in the atmospheric boundary layer and gravity-driven flows on hill slopes initiated by heating or cooling of the surface. For each strand we consider the understanding that has resulted from analytic theory before moving to more realistic numerical computation, initially using turbulence closure models and, more recently, eddy-resolving schemes. Next we review the field experiments and the physical models that have contributed to present understanding in both strands. For the period 1970–2000 with hindsight we can link major advances in theory and modelling to the key papers that announced them, but for the last two decades we have cast the net wider to ensure that we have not missed steps that eventually will be seen as critical. Two important new themes are given prominence in the 2000–2020 period. The first is flow over hills covered with tall plant canopies. The presence of a canopy changes the flow in important ways both when the flow is nearly neutral and also when it is stably stratified, forming a link between our two main strands. The second is the use of eddy-resolving models as vehicles to bring together hill flows and gravity-driven flows in a unified description of complex terrain meteorology.
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John Finnigan [email protected]
1
Research School of Biology, Australian National University, Canberra, Australia
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Windlab Systems Pty. Ltd., Canberra, Australia
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CSIRO Oceans and Atmosphere, Canberra, Australia
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Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering and Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708-0328, USA
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Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
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National Center for Atmospheric Research, P.O. Box 3000, Boulder, CO 80307-3000, USA
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Department of Environment, Land and Infrastructure Engineering, Politecnico di Torino, Turin, Italy
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Institute for Climate and Atmospheric Science, School of Earth and Environment, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
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Department of Earth and Space Science and Engineering, Lassonde School of Engineering, York University, Toronto, ON M3J 1P3, Canada
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J. Finnigan et al.
Keywords Boundary-layer meteorology · Turbulence · Complex topography · Gravity-driven flows · Turbulence modelling
1 Introduction It is over 70 years since the similarity theory of Monin and Obukhov (MOST) was developed in the USSR and over 50 years since experiments on the sweeping plains of South-Eastern Australia and the mid-West of the USA validated it for the first time (Monin and Obukhov 1954; Dyer 1967; Kaimal and Wy
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