Breakthrough additive technology for improving the performance of high-power lithium ion batteries
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Breakthrough additive technology for improving the performance of high-power lithium ion batteries Fu-Ming Wang, Graduate Institute of Applied Science and Technology, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taipei 106, Taiwan; Sustainable Energy Center, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taipei 106, Taiwan Chin-Shu Cheng, Materials and Chemical Research Laboratories, Industrial Technology Research Institute, Chutung, Hsinchu 31040, Taiwan John Rick, Sustainable Energy Center, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taipei 106, Taiwan Address all correspondence to Fu-Ming Wang at [email protected] (Received 27 May 2011; accepted 19 October 2011)
Abstract We report a breakthrough in the field of electrolyte additives for use in lithium ion batteries. Batteries containing maleimide (0.1 wt%) as an electrolyte additive absorbed moisture (H2O) from a high-humidity atmosphere. When compared with batteries without the maleimide and absorbed moisture, the capacity of batteries with the “binary additive” showed improvements of 7.4% and 5.2% in a 0.1C/0.1C cycle test, and 394% and 174% in high-power 3C rate tests conducted at room temperature and 55 °C, respectively. Thus, this innovative additive formation can effectively reduce the requirement for anhydrous conditions during the fabrication and operation of lithium ion batteries.
Introduction Lithium ion batteries are currently the most widely used means of storing energy. However, several factors affect their performance. Research conducted over the last half-decade has indicated that performance decay occurs mainly because of the formation and repair of a solid electrolyte interface (SEI) on the electrode surface; thus, the SEI consumes lithium ions, free electrons, and other chemicals in the cell.[1,2] It has been found that changes in the thickness and composition of the SEI during numerous charging and discharging cycles affect the coulombic efficiency of the battery. In addition, the moisture content of the battery damages the SEI, leading to performance decay. To compensate for this ominous irreversible reaction and realize SEI-facilitated battery operation with an improved cycle life, several approaches have been proposed, such as scavenging the water content,[3] using electrolyte additives,[4,5] depositing electrode coatings,[6,7] adopting new formation processes,[8,9] using different electrode materials,[10] and performing electrolyte optimization studies.[11] Here we present a simple approach to significantly improve battery performance. Our discovery subverts most of the traditional notions that H2O cannot be used as an additive for highpower lithium ion batteries. In addition, our approach drastically reduces the degree of difficulty encountered in battery fabrication, thus potentially reducing the cost of the power source in future applications, such as electric vehicles (EVs).
Experimental All reagents used were obtained from normal commercial suppliers as either Analar or General Purpos
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