British Public Diplomacy and Soft Power Diplomatic Influence and the

This volume outlines two decades of reforms at the Foreign & Commonwealth Office (FCO), British Council and BBC World Service – the so-called Public Diplomacy Partners. Between 1995 and 2015, the FCO and its partner organisations in promoting British

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BRITISH PUBLIC DIPLOMACY & SOFT POWER Diplomatic Influence & Digital Disruption

James Pamment

Studies in Diplomacy and International Relations Series Editors Donna Lee University of Bradford Department of Peace Studies Bradford, United Kingdom Paul Sharp University of Minnesota Duluth, Minnesota, USA

James Pamment

British Public Diplomacy and Soft Power Diplomatic Influence and the Digital Revolution

James Pamment Department of Strategic Communication Lund University, Campus Helsingborg Helsingborg, Sweden

Studies in Diplomacy and International Relations ISBN 978-3-319-43239-7 ISBN 978-3-319-43240-3 DOI 10.1007/978-3-319-43240-3

(eBook)

Library of Congress Control Number: 2016954259 © The Editor(s) (if applicable) and The Author(s) 2016 This work is subject to copyright. All rights are solely and exclusively licensed by the Publisher, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilms or in any other physical way, and transmission or information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed. The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. The publisher, the authors and the editors are safe to assume that the advice and information in this book are believed to be true and accurate at the date of publication. Neither the publisher nor the authors or the editors give a warranty, express or implied, with respect to the material contained herein or for any errors or omissions that may have been made. Cover image © Ikon Images / Alamy Stock Photo Printed on acid-free paper This Palgrave Macmillan imprint is published by Springer Nature The registered company is Springer International Publishing AG The registered company address is: Gewerbestrasse 11, 6330 Cham, Switzerland

PREFACE

One of the more frustrating realities of writing a modern history of an institution is that it becomes dated by the last big report or inquiry that it discusses. In this case, my study ends in 2015 with the Foreign & Commonwealth Office (FCO)’s Diplomatic Excellence programme, something that already risked becoming passé upon William Hague’s retirement from politics in mid-2014. Consequently, it is somewhat fortunate that 2016’s Next Big Thing was released just as I was putting the final touches to the manuscript. This book will therefore be eventually considered outmoded due to its association with “Naked Diplomat,” Tom Fletcher’s state-of-the-art Future FCO report, and appropriately so. Because as much as this book is about the FCO’s recent past, it also speaks to a future for British diplomacy better informed by a knowledge of the complex trends and trajectories that have shap