Buffer Systems
As a consequence of metabolic reactions in the body, considerable quantities of acid (and somewhat smaller quantities of base) are constantly being produced. Acids are generated from the metabolism of sulphur containing amino acids (e.g. methionine and cy
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Buffer Systems
4 Contents 4.1 4.2 4.3 4.4 4.5 4.6 4.7 4.8 4.9 4.10 4.11 4.12 4.13 4.14 4.15 4.16 4.17 4.18 4.19 4.20
Generation of Acids ........................................................................................................ Disposal of Volatile Acids............................................................................................... Disposal of Fixed Acids .................................................................................................. Buffer Systems ................................................................................................................ Buffers............................................................................................................................. Mechanisms for the Homeostasis of Hydrogen Ions ...................................................... Intracellular Buffering..................................................................................................... Alkali Generation ............................................................................................................ Buffer Systems of the Body ............................................................................................ Transcellular Ion Shifts with Acute Acid Loading ....................................................... Time-Frame of Compensatory Responses to Acute Acid Loading .............................. Quantifying Buffering ................................................................................................... Buffering in Respiratory Acidosis ................................................................................ Regeneration of the Buffer ............................................................................................ Buffering in Alkalosis ................................................................................................... Site Buffering ................................................................................................................ Isohydric Principle ........................................................................................................ Base–Buffering by the Bicarbonate Buffer System ...................................................... Bone Buffering.............................................................................................................. Role of the Liver in Acid–Base Homeostasis ...............................................................
A. Hasan, Handbook of Blood Gas/Acid-Base Interpretation, DOI 10.1007/978-1-4471-4315-4_4, © Springer-Verlag London 2013
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4.1
4 Buffer Systems
Generation of Acids
As a consequence of metabolic reactions in the body, considerable quantities of acid (and somewhat smaller quantities of base) are constantly being produced. Acids are generated from the metabolism of sulphur containing amino acids (e.g. methionine and cystine) and cationic amino acids (arginine and lysine).
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Metabolis
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