Building-Direction Dependence of Wear Resistance of Selective Laser Melted AISI 316L Stainless Steel Under Quasi-station
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ORIGINAL PAPER
Building‑Direction Dependence of Wear Resistance of Selective Laser Melted AISI 316L Stainless Steel Under Quasi‑stationary Condition Tae Hwan Kim1,2 · Ki Chang Bae3 · Jong Bae Jeon1 · Yong Ho Park3 · Wookjin Lee1 Received: 19 March 2020 / Accepted: 27 June 2020 © Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract This study aims at exploring the wear performance of AISI 316L stainless steel fabricated via selective laser melting along different directions with respect to the building direction and via post annealing. Here, the wear resistance of the material was investigated via ball-on-disk tribology tests under a quasi-stationary condition, i.e., with linear sliding speeds in the range of 25–100 mm/s. The results revealed that, regardless the sliding direction and annealing heat treatment, the wear resistance of the alloy produced via the selective laser melting process is comparable to that of the cold-rolled alloy. Thus, the selective laser melting process can be used for applications where conventionally processed 316L alloys have been used under fretting or a quasi-static wear environment. Keywords 316L stainless steel · Microstructure · Selective laser melting · Dry sliding wear
1 Introduction Recently, additive manufacturing techniques have gained substantial relevance owing to their capability of manufacturing complex parts in one piece within a single process, via the layer-by-layer joining of materials [1–3]. Among the numerous additive manufacturing techniques, powder bed fusion (PBF) technology utilizes a laser as the energy source to construct parts by selectively melting a metallic powder bed in a layer-wise mode. The powder is delivered to the workpiece by spreading flat powder layers in the powder bed during the manufacturing process. The repetitive threedimensional construction of fused layers is employed to build parts with complex shapes directly from virtual models developed using computer-aided design (CAD). AISI 316L stainless steel (SS316L) is one of the most widely investigated materials for use in the PBF process owing to its corrosion resistance. The application of the * Wookjin Lee [email protected] 1
Korea Institute of Industrial Technology, Yangsan 50623, Republic of Korea
2
Advanced Development team, PIM Korea Co., LTD., Daegu 42921, Republic of Korea
3
Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea
PBF technique to SS316L results in a high strength, without requiring post-heat treatment, owing to the formation of a fine microstructure as a consequence of the high cooling rate [4, 5]. Selective laser melting (SLM) has been typically used to fabricate SS316L parts via the PBF process. It has been reported that fully dense and defect-free SS316L parts can be fabricated via SLM [5–7]. A few recent studies have attempted to alter the microstructures of SS316L by adjusting SLM parameters such as laser power and scanning strategy [7, 8]. Fundamental mechanical propert
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