Bulk rheology and surface tribo-rheometry toward the investigation of polyisobutylene migration in model and recycled mu
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ORIGINAL CONTRIBUTION
Bulk rheology and surface tribo-rheometry toward the investigation of polyisobutylene migration in model and recycled multilayer agricultural films Geraldine Cabrera 1 & Jordane Charbonnier 2 & Gérard Pichon 2 & Abderrahim Maazouz 1 & Khalid Lamnawar 1 Received: 15 April 2020 / Revised: 27 August 2020 / Accepted: 27 August 2020 # Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract This paper is dealing with the polyisobutylene (PIB) migration phenomenon through the post-consumer agricultural waste multilayer films based on four linear low-density polyethylene (LLDPE) matrices. Through this work, a bridge between shear, elongational rheology, and tack surface properties was revealed on both model and recycled blends. Hereto, effects of aging time and temperature were investigated and rationalized depending on the short- and long-chain branching in LLDPE matrices as well their polyethylene (PE) crystallization. The linear viscoelastic properties were influenced despite the small PIB amounts. This migration influenced also the slippage in steady flow regime. It was also demonstrated that transient uniaxial extensional properties are very sensitive in the presence of PIB, which seems to hold back the PE strain hardening properties. Therefore, the axial force and the surface friction coefficient were determined and discussed in correlation with bulk rheological findings. Hence, the obtained results contributed to unveiling new insights on the physical mechanisms governing the PIB migration with or without fillers to inhibit its migration in their recycled films. Keywords Rheology . Mutilayers . Recycling . Polymer blend . Microstructure . Polymer melt . Extensional flow
Introduction For the agricultural market, the use of flexible multilayer films has been essential, allowing a remarkable increase of agricultural productions, earlier harvesting, and reduction of plague presence (CEPLA 2009). Silage films, bale wrapping films, greenhouse, mulch films, and low-tunnel films are the common examples of polymer applications in the agriculture. For these applications, the most common polymer used is LLDPE followed by low-density (LDPE), highdensity (HDPE), and ethylene-vinyl acetate (EVA) (Horodytska et al. 2018). However, there is an important amount of plastic waste from agriculture that pollutes going to landfill. In 2014, according to a study in the European
* Khalid Lamnawar [email protected] 1
Université de Lyon, CNRS, UMR 5223, Ingénierie des Matériaux Polymères, INSA Lyon, F-69621 Villeurbanne, France
2
Groupe BARBIER, Sainte-Sigolène, France
Union, approximately 23% of the plastic packaging waste is lost in landfills and 47% is incinerated. Only the remaining plastic waste (around 30%) is then recycled or exported (Hestin et al. 2017). In a circular economy context with the dual problems of depletion of natural resources and the environmental impact of a growing volume of wastes, it is of great importance to develop an efficient recycling process of these multil
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