Burnout among Portuguese healthcare workers during the COVID-19 pandemic
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RESEARCH ARTICLE
Open Access
Burnout among Portuguese healthcare workers during the COVID-19 pandemic Ivone Duarte1,2†, Andreia Teixeira1,2†, Luísa Castro1,2,3, Sílvia Marina1,2, Carla Ribeiro4, Cristina Jácome1,2, Vera Martins2, Inês Ribeiro-Vaz1,2,5, Hugo Celso Pinheiro6, Andreia Rodrigues Silva7, Miguel Ricou1,2, Bruno Sousa8, Cristiana Alves1, Andreia Oliveira1, Paula Silva9, Rui Nunes1 and Carla Serrão10*
Abstract Background: During COVID-19 pandemic, healthcare workers (HCWs) have had high workload and have been exposed to multiple psychosocial stressors. The aim of this study was to evaluate HCWs in terms of the relative contributions of socio-demographic and mental health variables on three burnout dimensions: personal, workrelated, and client-related burnout. Methods: A cross-sectional study was performed using an online questionnaire spread via social networks. A snowball technique supported by health care institutions and professional organizations was applied. Results: A total of 2008 subjects completed the survey. Gender, parental status, marriage status, and salary reduction were found to be significant factors for personal burnout. Health problems and direct contact with infected people were significantly associated with more susceptibility to high personal and work-related burnout. Frontline working positions were associated with all three dimensions. Higher levels of stress and depression in HCWs were significantly associated with increased levels of all burnout dimensions. Higher levels of satisfaction with life and resilience were significantly associated with lower levels of all burnout dimensions. Conclusions: All three burnout dimensions were associated with a specific set of covariates. Consideration of these three dimensions is important when designing future burnout prevention programs for HCWs. Keywords: COVID-19, Healthcare workers, Burnout; Stress, Depression, Resilience, Life satisfaction
Background The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on healthcare workers (HCWs) has been tremendous. The impact is not only related to increased workload, but also fear of the disease being contracted by themselves and their families, working with new and frequently changing protocols, limited personal protective equipment, caring for patients who are very sick and quickly deteriorating, and caring for colleagues who have also fallen ill [1–4]. This * Correspondence: [email protected] † Ivone Duarte and Andreia Teixeira contributed equally to this work. 10 School of Education of Polytechnic of Porto, Centre for Research and Innovation in Education (inED), Porto, Portugal Full list of author information is available at the end of the article
pandemic has exacerbated stressors in healthcare systems, in which HCWs burnout in response to workplace stress is already an epidemic [5]. According to recent studies, some HCWs have developed psychological distress [6, 7], fatigue and burnout [8], while facing the COVID-19 pandemic. The knowledge on the impact of COVID-19 on HCWs’ mental health is still inci
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