Calculation of Loads Transmitted at the Anatomical Joints
At present there exists no practical method to directly measure the loads acting on the structures associated with in-vivo anatomical joints. These loads must be estimated from a knowledge of the resultant intersegmental loading at the joint. With the res
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BIOMECHANICS OF ENGINEERING MODELLING, SIMULATION, CONTROL
EDITED BY
A. MORECKI WARSAW TECHNICAL UNIVERSITY
Springer-Verlag
~
Wien GmbH
Le spese di stampa di questo volume sono in parte coperte da contributi
del Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche.
This volume contains 85 illustrations.
This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned specifically those of translation, reprinting, re-use of illustrations, broadcasting, reproduction by photocopying machine or similar means, and storage in data banks.
©
1987 by Springer-Verlag Wien
Originally published by CISM, Udine in 1987.
ISBN 978-3-211-81974-6 ISBN 978-3-7091-2808-4 (eBook) DOI 10.1007/978-3-7091-2808-4
EDITORIAL NOTE
This book contains the papers presented in the Course on "Biomechanics of Motion" held at the International Centre for Mechanical Sciences, Udine, Italy, 24 through 28 June 1985. The programme of the course included five working sessions. The papers included in this book appear in the same order as the lectures. All language corrections and alterations have been reduced to the necessary minimum. The course of Biomechanics was attended by 26 participants from 12 Countries and six Lecturers from five Countries. The convenient location of the Center made it possible that a quite large group of scientists
could
attend.
It
was
also advantageous that all the
participants were
accommodated in the same premises. In the editorial note published in the volume "Biomechanics of Motion", which was published by Springer Verlag in 1980 we assumed the constantly increasing significance of biomechanics. The results obtained during the second course confirm this opinion.
A. Morecki
PREFACE
The main purpose of the Course was to present the last scientific results obtained in the field basicly from mathematical and engineering point of view. The main topics which have been presented and discussed are as follows: biomechanics of the upper and lower limbs and their joints: joints replacement. Kinematics of individual joints. Experimental techniques; intersegmental loading. mechanical properties of the human muscles involved in a natural motor activity. Electromyographical activity (EMG) and relationship between EMG and biomechanical parameters. Transfer function of natural motor activity. data acquisition and reduction in biomechanics. Analysis of human locomotion . . Advanced Technologies and Methodologies. modelling, mathematical description and measurements of the animal and human body movements. Some selected manipulation and locomotion problems. Dynamical cooperation of muscle and its control criteria. muscle performance. Elastic energy in muscular exercises. Force time curve. Muscle fatigue. force and pressure measurements. clinical application. Most of the results, which were presented durin.(( the Course were based on the investigation carried on by the invited lecturers. I hope that this book will be of a strong interest to the readers. I take the opportunity to express
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