Calculation of overhead and underground cable parameters at harmonic frequencies
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ORIGINAL PAPER
Calculation of overhead and underground cable parameters at harmonic frequencies Zeeshan Rashid1 Received: 12 April 2020 / Accepted: 1 October 2020 © Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract This paper presents a new method for the comprehensive calculation of power cable parameters at the fundamental and harmonic frequencies and for the assessment of the power cable’s frequency responses. In spite of its growing technical importance, there seem to be very little information in the open literature about resonances in power cables, particularly, when it comes to the so-called supra-harmonic frequencies, which lie in the range 2–150 kHz. At harmonic frequencies, various phenomena, such as skin effect, ground and metallic return loops, a strong capacitive effect, long-line effects, geometric imbalances and cable cross-bonding have all a marked influence on the responses of both overhead and underground cables. The cable resistances and inductances vary in a nonlinear fashion with frequency, and the latter will cancel out with the cables’ capacitive effects at some specific frequency values giving rise to alternate resonant points along the frequency spectrum. All the relevant construction details of the cable together with its electrical and operational parameters need to be processed by suitable models and methods coded into software for the fast and accurate calculations of the frequency responses of the power cables. A computer program has been developed as part of this research, using the formula and methods outlined in the paper. The usefulness and accuracy of the new methodology are demonstrated by resorting to numerical examples. Keywords Modeling · Bonding · Resonance · Impedance matrix · Admittance matrix · Losses · Emission
1 Introduction There is renewed academic interest in the area of power quality due to the widespread use of smart energy-saving equipment in electrical installations. The core technology underpinning the wide range of smart energy-saving appliances is power electronics, and there are raising concerns that power distribution systems are about to become highly polluted at the frequency range of 2–150 kHz [1]. Since there is little work on the characterization of electrical power equipment and systems at such high frequencies, there have been calls to speed up this part of the electrical power systems research [2]. The work here presented on the modeling of power cables at harmonic frequencies is in direct response to such a call. In a wider front, there is common agreement that an insulated conductor or cable offers a far more reliable operation
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Zeeshan Rashid [email protected] Department of Electrical Engineering, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur 63100, Pakistan
than a noninsulated (bare) conductor of comparable rating, albeit at a higher cost. So far, there has been little incentive for using insulated power cables in overhead transmission line and instead the decision has been circumscribed to either using an ove
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