Capacity utilization and the cost of primary care visits: Implications for the costs of scaling up health interventions
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BioMed Central
Open Access
Research
Capacity utilization and the cost of primary care visits: Implications for the costs of scaling up health interventions Taghreed Adam*1, Steeve Ebener2, Benjamin Johns3 and David B Evans4 Address: 1Alliance for Health Policy and Systems Research, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland, 2Knowledge Management and Sharing, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland, 3Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, USA and 4Health Systems Financing, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland Email: Taghreed Adam* - [email protected]; Steeve Ebener - [email protected]; Benjamin Johns - [email protected]; David B Evans - [email protected] * Corresponding author
Published: 13 November 2008 Cost Effectiveness and Resource Allocation 2008, 6:22
doi:10.1186/1478-7547-6-22
Received: 12 February 2008 Accepted: 13 November 2008
This article is available from: http://www.resource-allocation.com/content/6/1/22 © 2008 Adam et al; licensee BioMed Central Ltd. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Abstract Objective: A great deal of international attention has been focussed recently on how much additional funding is required to scale up health interventions to meet global targets such as the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs). Most of the cost estimates that have been made in response have assumed that unit costs of delivering services will not change as coverage increases or as more and more interventions are delivered together. This is most unlikely. The main objective of this paper is to measure the impact of patient load on the cost per visit at primary health care facilities and the extent to which this would influence estimates of the costs and financial requirements to scale up interventions. Methods: Multivariate regression analysis was used to explore the determinants of variability in unit costs using data for 44 countries with a total of 984 observations. Findings: Controlling for other possible determinants, we find that the cost of an outpatient visit is very sensitive to the number of patients seen by providers each day at primary care facilities. Each 1% increase in patient through-put results, on average, in a 27% reduction in the cost per visit (p < 0.0001), which can lead to a difference of up to $30 in the observed costs of an outpatient visit at primary facilities in the same setting, other factors held constant. Conclusion: Variability in capacity utilization, therefore, need to be taken into account in cost estimates, and the paper develops a method by which this can be done.
Background Making the best use of available resources is vital in developing countries that are struggling to improve public health with limited funds. This has become even more urgent following their ambitious commitment to achieve the Millenium Development Goals (MDGs
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