Carbon-based Membranes for Separation Processes
This book provides a significant overview of carbon-related membranes. It will cover the development of carbon-related membranes and membrane modules from its onset to the latest research on carbon mixed matrix membranes. After reviewing progress in the s
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Ahmad Fauzi Ismail • Dipak Rana Takeshi Matsuura • Henry C. Foley
Carbon-based Membranes for Separation Processes
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Ahmad Fauzi Ismail Advanced Membrane Technology Research Centre (AMTEC) Materials and Manufacturing Research Alliance University Teknologi Malaysia, 81310, Skudai, Johor Malaysia [email protected], [email protected]
Takeshi Matsuura Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering University of Ottawa 161 Louis Pasteur, Ottawa, Ont. K1N 6N5 Canada [email protected], [email protected]
Dipak Rana Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering University of Ottawa 161 Louis Pasteur, Ottawa, Ont. K1N 6N5 Canada [email protected]
Henry C. Foley Department of Chemical Engineering The Pennsylvania State University University Park, PA 16802 USA [email protected]
ISBN 978-0-387-78990-3 e-ISBN 978-0-387-78991-0 DOI 10.1007/978-0-387-78991-0 Springer New York Dordrecht Heidelberg London Library of Congress Control Number: 2011930411 © Springer Science+Business Media, LLC 2011 All rights reserved. This work may not be translated or copied in whole or in part without the written permission of the publisher (Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, 233 Spring Street, New York, NY 10013, USA), except for brief excerpts in connection with reviews or scholarly analysis. Use in connection with any form of information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed is forbidden. The use in this publication of trade names, trademarks, service marks, and similar terms, even if they are not identified as such, is not to be taken as an expression of opinion as to whether or not they are subject to proprietary rights. Printed on acid-free paper Springer is part of Springer Science+Business Media (www.springer.com)
Foreword
Industrial culture has brought with it magnificent improvements in human health and well being over the last two centuries. At the same time, these advances in the human condition have come at a cost. All too often in the past, the overall impact of an industrial process or product was not fully accounted for; waste and by-products were considered to be merely zero cost disposables. Profit margins thus were apparently higher than we know in hindsight that they should have been. Whether it was the eighteenth century mill making wool and pouring waste sulfuric acid into a river or the twentieth century coal power plant emitting megatons of carbon dioxide as well as lesser amounts of sulfur and mercury, the real overall costs of production, which must include the environmental impact (or remediation) and public health effects, were not taken into account. Thus the waste product problems were not considered to be important, indeed, for a long time they were not considered problems. At this juncture, early in the twenty-first century, much has changed. We now think in terms of process and product life cycles and take into account the full cradle-to-grave costs of production. But even more, we
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