Carbon dioxide and methane adsorption at high pressure on activated carbon materials
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Carbon dioxide and methane adsorption at high pressure on activated carbon materials Diana P. Vargas • L. Giraldo • J. C. Moreno-Piraja´n
Received: 26 March 2012 / Accepted: 25 February 2013 Ó Springer Science+Business Media New York 2013
Abstract Granular and monolith carbon materials were prepared from African palm shell by chemical activation with H3PO4, ZnCl2 and CaCl2 aqueous solutions of different concentrations. Adsorption capacity of carbon dioxide and methane were measured at 298 K and 4,500 kPa, and also of CO2 at 273 K and 100 kPa, in a volumetric adsorption equipment. Correlations between the textural properties of the materials and the adsorption capacity for both gases were obtained from the experimental data. The results obtained show that the adsorption capacity of CO2 and CH4 increases with surface area, total pore volume and micropore volume of the activated carbons. Maximum adsorption values were: 5.77 mmol CO2 g-1 at 273 K and 100 kPa, and 17.44 mmol CO2 g-1 and 7.61 mmol CH4 g-1 both at 298 K and 4,500 kPa. Keywords Carbon dioxide Methane Adsorption Activated carbon High pressure
1 Introduction The environmental problems caused by pollutant emissions from fossil fuel combustion have created an increasing interest for developing alternative solutions based on cleaner energies. From this perspective and a part from D. P. Vargas L. Giraldo Departamento de Quı´mica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Avenida Carrera 30 No. 45-03, Bogota´, Colombia J. C. Moreno-Piraja´n (&) Departamento de Quı´mica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Los Andes, Carrera 1 No. 18 A 10, Bogota´, Colombia e-mail: [email protected]
renewable energies, natural gas is considered as a cleaner fuel because of its lower emissions compared to oil and carbon. On the other hand, there is also an increasing interest in developing new selective materials for CO2 capture and CH4 adsorption, where porous carbon-based materials are good adsorbent candidates for this purpose (Carlson 2003; Giraldo and Moreno-Piraja´n 2009). Adsorption processes are mature technologies being widely used based on the high performance of the adsorbent materials. The key for improving these processes relies on the development of new adsorbent solids with advanced properties, having high adsorption capacity and selectivity and low cost, tuned for specific applications (Drage et al. 2009). Activated carbon materials show a wide versatility and a low cost, being particularly attractive for CO2 and CH4 adsorption in capture/storage applications (Zhou et al. 2005). Activated carbons in different forms (granular carbon particles, carbon cloths, carbon fibers and carbon monoliths) can be used as adsorbents for gases, metals, organic vapours, etc. (Ahmad et al. 2010; Dominique et al. 2009; Mohan et al. 2008). Many studies were made about the preparation of activated carbon and further characterization. A large number of precursors of lignocellulosic origin, mineral, artificial, which have been subjected to chemical acti
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