Carbon Nanoparticles and Nanostructures
This book focuses on carbon dots and diamonds, briefly covering other nanocarbon structures such as nanohorns and nanofibers. In the first part, chemical synthesis of carbon dots, their optical properties and their applications for sensing, catalytic reac
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Nianjun Yang Xin Jiang Dai-Wen Pang Editors
Carbon Nanoparticles and Nanostructures
Carbon Nanostructures Series editor Paulo Araujo, Tuscaloosa, AL, USA
More information about this series at http://www.springer.com/series/8633
Nianjun Yang Xin Jiang Dai-Wen Pang •
Editors
Carbon Nanoparticles and Nanostructures
123
Editors Nianjun Yang Institute of Materials Engineering University of Siegen Siegen Germany
Dai-Wen Pang Wuhan University Wuhan China
Xin Jiang Institute of Materials Engineering University of Siegen Siegen Germany
ISSN 2191-3005 Carbon Nanostructures ISBN 978-3-319-28780-5 DOI 10.1007/978-3-319-28782-9
ISSN 2191-3013
(electronic)
ISBN 978-3-319-28782-9
(eBook)
Library of Congress Control Number: 2016937390 © Springer International Publishing Switzerland 2016 This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved by the Publisher, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilms or in any other physical way, and transmission or information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed. The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. The publisher, the authors and the editors are safe to assume that the advice and information in this book are believed to be true and accurate at the date of publication. Neither the publisher nor the authors or the editors give a warranty, express or implied, with respect to the material contained herein or for any errors or omissions that may have been made. Printed on acid-free paper This Springer imprint is published by Springer Nature The registered company is Springer International Publishing AG Switzerland
Preface
Carbon is an extraordinary element. Because of its ability to covalently bond with different orbital hybridizations, a uniquely rich array of molecular structures are formed. Carbon is thus the basis of all-known life on earth. For millennia, there were only two known substances of pure carbon atoms: graphite and diamond. In recent decades, a series of new carbon nanostructures have been discovered, including fullerenes in the mid-1980s, carbon nanotubes in the early 1990s, graphene in 2003, onions, nanoparticles, nanohorns, nanobells, nanopeapods, and nanofoams. The properties of these different carbon materials are actually determined by their carbon–carbon covalent bonding and the organization of the carbon atoms into a characteristic nano- and microstructure. Carbon nanostructures have been thus classified from the hybridizations of the sp atomic orbitals of carbon, different from the approaches using the topological dimension of carbon, or the characteristics of carbon structu
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