Carbon Nanotube Fabric-Based Composites for Development of Multifunctional Structures
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MRS Advances © 2019 Materials Research Society DOI: 10.1557/adv.2019.386
Carbon Nanotube Fabric-Based Composites for Development of Multifunctional Structures Michael B. Jakubinek1*, Yadienka Martinez-Rubi1, Behnam Ashrafi2, Nicholas GumiennyMatsuo1, Daesun Park2, Hao Li1, Stéphane Dénommée1 and Benoit Simard1* 1
Division of Emerging Technologies, National Research Council Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
2
Aerospace Research Centre, National Research Council Canada, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
*Corresponding author emails: [email protected], [email protected]
ABSTRACT
Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) possess impressive properties along with low density. Integration of CNTs in the form of fabrics or other preformed assemblies simplifies their handling and allows for the higher CNT content needed to better leverage their properties in multifunctional structures. Here we describe production of non-woven CNT-polyurethane fabrics made from industrial-grade CNTs via a one-step filtration method. Individual sheets were scaled to 30 cm x 30 cm size and subsequently used to fabricate thicker composites, including via lamination with itself to produce simple panels and with other materials to further tailor the nanocomposite properties and address several example applications including electrical heating, fire resistance, electromagnetic shielding, and a skin for stretchable morphing structures.
INTRODUCTION Carbon nanotubes (CNTs), which are renowned for their exceptional properties, low density and nanoscale structure, are now manufactured commercially in large quantities and are appearing in an increasing range of CNT-enhanced or CNT-enabled products [1]. The most common approaches to produce CNT composites involve dispersion of relatively low quantities of CNTs, up to a few percent by weight (wt.%), in a matrix. Although CNTs have seen relatively less impact on textile products thus far, new advances in production of nonwoven CNT fabrics, which are often called buckypaper in
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the nanotube literature, are poised to make an impact in nano-engineered textiles [2]. In contrast to dispersion methods, forming a macroscale assemblies of CNTs (sheets, films, fibers, etc.) allows for higher CNT-content, which is advantageous to better leverage the mechanical and multifunctional properties of the CNTs. It also facilitates orientation of nanotubes (unidirectionally or randomly in-plane), simplifies handling in comparison to nanomaterial powders, and can be compatible with conventional composites manufacturing processes (e.g., layup). CNT buckypaper sheets have been explored for applications including electromagnetic shielding, thermal conduction, fire retardancy and reinforcement for polymer composites [e.g., 3-9]. Recently, we reported a novel approach to produc
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