Carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus stoichiometry mediate sensitivity of carbon stabilization mechanisms along with surface
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SOILS, SEC 1 • SOIL ORGANIC MATTER DYNAMICS AND NUTRIENT CYCLING • RESEARCH ARTICLE
Carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus stoichiometry mediate sensitivity of carbon stabilization mechanisms along with surface layers of a Mollisol after long-term fertilization in Northeast China Muhammad Mohsin Abrar 1 & Hu Xu 1 & Tariq Aziz 2 & Nan Sun 1 & Adnan Mustafa 1 & Muhammad Wajahat Aslam 3 & Syed Atizaz Ali Shah 1 & Khalid Mehmood 4 & Baoku Zhou 5 & Xingzhu Ma 5 & Xianni Chen 6 & Minggang Xu 1,7 Received: 28 September 2020 / Accepted: 29 October 2020 # Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract Purpose Soil organic carbon (SOC) is an important parameter determining soil fertility and sustaining soil health. How C, N, and P contents and their stoichiometric ratios (C/N/P) regulate the nutrient availability, and SOC stabilization mechanisms have not been comprehensively explored, especially in response to long-term fertilization. The present study aimed to determine how the long-term mineral and manure fertilization influenced soil C/N/P ratios and various protection mechanisms underlying the stabilization of OC along with profile in a cropland soil. Materials and methods The soil was sampled from five depths, viz., 0–20 cm, 20–40 cm, 40–60 cm, 60–80 cm, and 80–100 cm, from plots comprising wheat-maize-soybean rotation system subjected to the long-term (35 years) manure and mineral fertilizer applications. Results and discussion Results revealed that the soil C, N, P stoichiometry and their contents in topsoil depths (0–20 and 20–40 cm) and subsoil depths (40–60, 60–80, and 80–100 cm) varied significantly (p < 0.01) among the soil layers. Compared with CK, the C, N, and P contents were significantly higher (p < 0.05) in NPKM in the topsoil layers, while M alone increased these contents throughout the subsoil. Overall, the C, N, and P contents and their stoichiometry decreased with the increase in depth. Regression analysis showed that C/N, C/P, and N/P ratios associated significantly with the OC fractions in the topsoil layers only. These negative correlations indicated that these ratios significantly influence the C stabilization in the surface layers. However, the results warrant further investigations to study the relationship between soil and microbial stoichiometry and SOC at various depths. Conclusions Long-term manure applications improved the C sequestration not only in the topsoil but also in the deep layers; hence, these facts can be considered relevant for fertilizer recommendations in cropping systems across China.
Responsible editor: Weixin Ding Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at https://doi.org/10.1007/s11368-02002825-7. * Minggang Xu [email protected] 1
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Collaborative Innovation Center on Forecast and Evaluation of Meteorological Disasters (CIC-FEMD), Key Laboratory for Aerosol-Cloud-Precipitation of China Meteorological Administration, China, School of Atmospheric Sciences Nanjing University of Information Science and Tec
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