Carboxylic Acids from Herbs of Veronica austriaca , V. cuneifolia , and V. armena
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B R I E F C O M M U N I CATI O N S CARBOXYLIC ACIDS FROM HERBS OF Veronica austriaca, V. cuneifolia, AND V. armena
A. M. Kovalyova, T. V. Ilina,* A. P. Osmachko, O. M. Koshovyi, and I. V. Grudko
The genus Veronica L. (Plantaginaceae Juss.; previously Scrophulariaceae Juss.) is represented in the global flora by >500 species. Species of the genus Veronica L. are available sources of biologically active compounds (BACs) that exhibit antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, analgesic, antimicrobial, cholagogic, and cytotoxic activity [1]. These properties are typical for the main BACs from plants of the genus Veronica, i.e., phenylethanoid glucosides; iridoids aucubin, catalpol, catalposide, and verproside; and flavonoids apigenin, chrysoeriol, quercetin, and rutin [2, 3]. The goal of the present work was to study carboxylic acids from the herbs of V. austriaca L., V. cuneifolia D. Don., and V. armena Boiss. & A. Huet. Raw materials were collected in 2018 during flowering: V. austriaca, in June in Kharkov Region; V. cuneifolia and V. armena, in the middle of May in the botanical garden of V. N. Karazin KNU (herbarium specimens No. 19/18, 22–25/18, and 26–28/18, respectively, are preserved in the herbarium of the Department of Pharmacognosy, NPU). Carboxylic acids were studied using GC-MS on an Agilent Technologies MSD/DS 6890N chromatograph (USA) with a 5973N mass-spectrometric detector and the previously published method [4, 5]. Constituents were identified using NIST05 and Wiley 2007 mass-spectra libraries in combination with AMDIS and NIST programs. The internal standard method (50 μg of tridecane in hexane) was used for quantitative calculations. The studies identified 37 carboxylic acids in herb of V. austriaca; 34, V. cuneifolia; and 33, V. armena (Table 1). The highest contents of carboxylic acids were found in V. austriaca (1.77%); slightly less, in V. armena (1.65%); and the least, in V. cuneifolia (1.28%). The highest contents of aromatic acids were detected in V. austriaca (0.64%); considerably less, in V. armena (0.18%), and the least, in V. cuneifolia (0.14%). Herb of V. austriaca contained 21.76% low-molecular-mass aliphatic acids of the total amount of carboxylic acids; 42.06% fatty acids; and 36.17% aromatic acids. The fatty acids were dominated by saturated acids, the contents of which were 4631.06 mg/kg; contents of unsaturated acids, 2793.64 mg/kg. The aromatic acids were dominated by hydroxycinnamic acids, 2964.98 mg/kg or 16.79% of total carboxylic acids. The contents of phenyl- and phenolcarboxylic acids were also significant, 1847.60 mg/kg (10.47%); the lowest contents were benzoic acid and its derivatives, 1573.40 mg/kg (8.92%). Herb of V. cuneifolia contained 30.98% low-molecular-mass aliphatic acids of total carboxylic acids; 55.10% fatty acids; and 13.92% aromatic acids. The ratio of saturated and unsaturated fatty acids was almost 1:1, 3508.96 and 3523.64 mg/kg, respectively. The aromatic acids were dominated by phenyl- and phenolcarboxylic acids, 859.53 mg/kg (6.73% of total carboxylic acids). Th
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