Cardiotoxicity in Long-Term Survivors
Survivorship represents a new season of cancer with an increasing number of patients [1]. In Italy, there are 2.8 million patients diagnosed with cancer, twice as many as 15 years ago as a result of improved screening programs, therapeutic advances, and a
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Manual of Cardio-oncology
Chiara Lestuzzi Stefano Oliva Francesco Ferraù Editors
Manual of Cardio-oncology Cardiovascular Care in the Cancer Patient
Editors Chiara Lestuzzi Cardiology Unit IRCCS CRO-National Cancer Institute Aviano (PN), Italy
Francesco Ferraù Medical Oncology Unit Ospedale San Vincenzo Taormina, Italy
Stefano Oliva Cardiology Unit National Cancer Institute “Giovanni Paolo II” Bari, Italy
ISBN 978-3-319-40234-5 ISBN 978-3-319-40236-9 (eBook) DOI 10.1007/978-3-319-40236-9 Library of Congress Control Number: 2016961519 © Springer International Publishing Switzerland 2017 This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved by the Publisher, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilms or in any other physical way, and transmission or information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed. The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. The publisher, the authors and the editors are safe to assume that the advice and information in this book are believed to be true and accurate at the date of publication. Neither the publisher nor the authors or the editors give a warranty, express or implied, with respect to the material contained herein or for any errors or omissions that may have been made. The publisher remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations. Printed on acid-free paper This Springer imprint is published by Springer Nature The registered company is Springer International Publishing AG The registered company address is: Gewerbestrasse 11, 6330 Cham, Switzerland
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Foreword The cancer burden is a worldwide major public health problem. In the developed world, one in three people will develop cancer during their lifetime. As cancer-related survival has improved, an unexpected increase in premature cardiovascular events has occurred. In addition to heart failure, which mainly relates to the fibrosis and apoptosis leading to myocardial dysfunction and arrhythmias, a number of chemotherapeutic agents cause disturbances of microvascular function. In addition, premature coronary artery disease and valvular and pericardial disease are important sequelae of radiotherapy. Associations have been identified between medications used to treat cancer and cardiovascular events. The agents most commonly associated with cardiovascular injury include the anthracyclines (i.e. doxorubicin), the alkylating agents (i.e. cyclophosphamide), and the tyrosine kinase inhibitors (i.e. trastuzumab). Some of these cancer drugs can cause irreversible and progressive cardiotoxicity, whi
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