Cardiovascular Drug Use and Risk of Actinic Keratosis: A Case-Control Study
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ORIGINAL RESEARCH
Cardiovascular Drug Use and Risk of Actinic Keratosis: A Case-Control Study Olga Warszawik-Hendzel . Małgorzata Olszewska . Adriana Rakowska . Mariusz Sikora . Piotr Hendzel . Lidia Rudnicka
Received: April 21, 2020 Ó The Author(s) 2020
ABSTRACT Introduction: Actinic keratosis (AK) is a precancerous skin lesion. Currently, many experts treat actinic keratosis as squamous cell carcinoma in situ. It is well established that exposure of the skin to ultraviolet radiation is a major risk factor for the development of actinic keratosis. Some studies suggest an association between keratinocyte cancers and photosensitizing cardiovascular drugs. The aim of this study was to establish an association between cardiovascular drug use and the presence of AK. Methods: A total of 400 patients were enrolled into the study (200 with AK; 200 healthy persons in the control group). The group of patients with AK consisted of 106 women and 94 men (mean age 71 years). The control group included 102 women and 98 men (mean age 69 years). An analysis of the risk factors for developing actinic keratosis was performed in
Digital Features To view digital features for this article go to https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.12349814. O. Warszawik-Hendzel M. Olszewska (&) A. Rakowska M. Sikora L. Rudnicka Department of Dermatology, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland e-mail: [email protected] P. Hendzel Department of Cardiac Surgery, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
all patients with AK on the basis of a detailed, standardized interview. Results: The statistical analysis showed that features independently associated with increased risk of AK included: age [ 80 years (OR 4.14; 95% CI 2.4–7.3), positive cancer history (OR 1.94; 95% CI 1.0–3.6), positive history of sunburns when \ 18 years old (OR 2.18; 95% CI 1.3–3.7) and taking angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (OR 2.28; 95% CI 1.2–4.3), angiotensin receptor AT1 blockers (OR 2.90; 95% CI 1.1–7.9) and calcium channel blockers (OR 2.4; 95% CI 1.0–5.3). Conclusion: In conclusion, our study presented an association between cardiovascular drug use and the risk of developing AK. Keywords: Actinic keratosis; drug; Photosensitizing drug
Cardiovascular
Dermatol Ther (Heidelb)
Key Summary Points Some studies suggest an association between non-melanoma skin cancers and photosensitizing cardiovascular drugs Actinic keratosis is a precancerous skin lesion leading to non-melanoma skin cancers. Currently, actinic keratosis is treated by many experts as squamous cell carcinoma in situ. However, an association between the incidence of actinic keratosis and photosensitizing cardiovascular drugs was not reported in the literature In the presented study the recognized features independently associated with increased risk of actinic keratosis are: age [ 80 years, positive cancer history, positive history of sunburns under the age of 18 and prolonged use of angiotensinconverting enzyme inhibitors, angiotensin receptor AT1 blockers and calcium chan
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