Cell Transplantation for Ischemic Heart Disease
Recent studies support the notion that cardiomyocyte regeneration may occur during physiological and pathological states in the adult heart. These data highlight the possibilities that myocardial regeneration may occur via cardiomyocyte proliferation and/
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Jianyi Zhang and Daniel J. Garry
Abstract
Recent studies support the notion that cardiomyocyte regeneration may occur during physiological and pathological states in the adult heart. These data highlight the possibilities that myocardial regeneration may occur via cardiomyocyte proliferation and/or differentiation of putative cardiac stem cells. To date, various cell types have been used for cardiac repair, including skeletal myoblasts, bone marrow-derived cells, mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs), umbilical cord blood (UCB) stem cells, cardiac stem cells, and embryonic stem cells (ESCs). This chapter will review each of these different stem cell populations in regards to the potential treatment of heart disease. We will examine the in vitro and in vivo animal studies, and then briefly discuss the cell therapy clinical trials that are currently underway for the treatment of ischemic heart disease. Keywords
Embryonic stem cells • Adult stem cells • Skeletal myoblasts • Bone marrow-derived stem cells • Mesenchymal stem cells • Endothelial progenitor cells • Umbilical cord blood stem cells • Cardiac stem cells
Abbreviations CPCs EPCs ESCs HGF hiPSCs IGF-1 LV MI MSCs Sca-1 SDF-1
Cardiac progenitor cells Endothelial progenitor cells Embryonic stem cells Hepatocyte growth factor Human induced pluripotent stem cells Insulin-like growth factor Left ventricular Myocardial infarction Mesenchymal stem cells Stem cell antigen-1 Stromal cell-derived factor-1
J. Zhang, MD, PhD (*) • D.J. Garry, MD, PhD Lillehei Heart Institute, Minneapolis, MN, USA University of Minnesota, 268 Variety Club Research Center, 401 East River Road, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA e-mail: [email protected]
SP Side population UCB Umbilical cord blood VEGF Vascular endothelial growth factor
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Introduction
Although coronary interventions and associated medical therapies have improved postinfarction cardiac function in patients with coronary artery disease, approximately half of the patients will still progress to end-stage or advanced heart failure [1]. To date, cardiac transplantation remains the only definitive therapy for replacing the lost muscle, but it is a widespread approach limited by the inadequate supply of donor hearts (approximately 2000 donor hearts are available each year in the USA). An alternative potential therapy for limiting postinfarction left ventricular (LV) remodeling, and thus the development of congestive heart failure, is the directed replacement of infarcted myocardium with the new myocardium being generated from transplanted stem cells.
© Springer International Publishing Switzerland 2015 P.A. Iaizzo (ed.), Handbook of Cardiac Anatomy, Physiology, and Devices, DOI 10.1007/978-3-319-19464-6_40
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J. Zhang and D.J. Garry
Recent studies have provided evidence to support the notion that cardiomyocyte regeneration may occur during physiological and pathological states in the adult heart. These data highlight the possibility that myocardial regeneration may occur via cardiomyocy
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