Cenozoic development of southwestern Malay Basin: new insights from subsidence analysis and thermal history
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ORIGINAL PAPER
Cenozoic development of southwestern Malay Basin: new insights from subsidence analysis and thermal history Muhammad Hassaan 1 & Swapan Kumar Bhattacharya 1 & Manoj Joseph Mathew 2 & Numair Ahmed Siddiqui 1
Received: 18 June 2015 / Accepted: 27 March 2017 # Saudi Society for Geosciences 2017
Abstract Subsidence and thermal history analysis are carried out in order to investigate the Cenozoic basin development of the southwestern (Tenggol Arch and basinal side) part of the Malay basin. Structurally, the southwestern part consists of normal faults and horst and graben geometry. Tectonic subsidence curves show that the basinal side is more active than the Tenggol Arch due to movement along normal faults. Cenozoic development initiated with the deposition of sedimentary Units M & L (Oligocene) and the activation of the Tenggol fault on the basinal side. Several periods of accelerated and slow subsidence are observed during the Oligocene to Middle Miocene that could be associated with changes in regional stresses caused by pulsating plate movement. The Malay Basin experienced inversion throughout the Middle to Late Miocene related to mantle induced slab avalanche effect, causing relatively higher tectonic subsidence rates on the Tenggol Arch compared to the basinal side, suggesting that the Tenggol Arch is less affected by inversion than the basinal side. After a period (Late Miocene) of non-deposition, the basin was reactivated (Pliocene to recent) due to thermal relaxation with thick sedimentation. Paleo heat flows estimated utilizing a novel technique introduced in this study and present day heat flow calibrated using BHT data further supports our results, in that increase in heat flow is related to rapid tectonic subsidence. An anomalously high heat pulse affected the basin
* Muhammad Hassaan [email protected]
1
Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, Faculty of Geosciences & Petroleum Engineering, 32610 Seri Iskandar, Perak Darul Ridzuan, Malaysia
2
Université Bretagne Sud, Laboratoire Géosciences Océan, UMR CNRS, 6538, rue Yves Mainguy, 56017 Vannes cedex, France
during inversion and could be the cause of meta-sediment formation whereas present heat flows, although high compared to average basins, shows decreasing trend from the inversion period. Keywords Malay Basin . Backstripping . Tectonic subsidence . Heat flow . Heat pulse
Abbreviations BHT Bottom hole temperature Vro Vitrinite reflectance FAMM Florescence alteration of the multiple macerals DST Drill stem test TSR Tectonic subsidence rates LSR Loading subsidence rates TVDSS True vertical depth subsea Sh Shale Sst Sand stone Sltst Silt stone TOC Total organic carbon HI Hydrogen Index
Introduction Understanding the tectonic evolution and thermal history of sedimentary basins is critical to comprehend source rock maturation and hydrocarbon exploration (Lerche et al. 1984; Yusoff 1993; Madon 1997; Tagiyev et al. 1997; Madon and Watts 1998; Kus et al. 2005). The Malay basin of Oligocene age is situated in the eastern part of Peninsula
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