Centrifuge Modeling of Embankment Failure due to Underground Cavity and Its Electrical Resistivity Monitoring
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pISSN 1226-7988, eISSN 1976-3808 www.springer.com/12205
DOI 10.1007/s12205-020-1470-7
Geotechnical Engineering
Centrifuge Modeling of Embankment Failure due to Underground Cavity and Its Electrical Resistivity Monitoring Hyung Ik Cho
a
, Myeong Jong Yi
b
, Eun Seok Bang
c
, and Dong Soo Kim
d
Member, Earthquake Research Center, Korea Institute of Geoscience and Mineral Resources, Daejeon 34132, Korea Exploration Geophysics Group, Korea Institute of Geoscience and Mineral Resources, Daejeon 34132, Korea c Member, Exploration Geophysics Group, Korea Institute of Geoscience and Mineral Resources, Daejeon 34132, Korea d Member, Dept. of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34141, Korea a
b
ARTICLE HISTORY
ABSTRACT
Received 20 August 2019 Accepted 27 May 2020 Published Online 17 August 2020
In this paper, embankment or levee failure due to the interaction between a cavity within an embankment body and high water level was simulated in a centrifuge test and monitored by electrical resistivity tomography (ERT) survey technique. As the centrifuge modeling is an effective research tool for levee stability analysis and the ERT survey is generally adopted in field for health monitoring of levee, physical modeling of levee stability problem and its monitoring by the ERT survey in the centrifuge provides a great opportunity for researchers. Initially, 1 g preliminary test was performed for simulating the underground cavity using a buried ice block to ensure the simulation of such cavity in the centrifuge model. Subsequently, 20 g centrifuge test was performed. At the 20 g-level, over the three stages’ water level in river side was maintained to simulate expansion of the underground cavity with increase in groundwater level. Continuous ERT survey was simultaneously conducted to monitor the variation of internal state of the embankment body. During the final high water level, subsidence of levee surface occurred at the vertical location on top of the cavity which can lead to embankment failure. The ERT results (two dimensional contour plots) from the centrifuge test correspond well to the expected process of levee subsidence caused by upward development of inner cavity by showing definite resistivity difference between the cavity and adjacent soil. From the centrifuge test, it is concluded that the cavity within the embankment body could induce failure upon interacting with the high water level, and the ERT monitoring could effectively capture the geotechnical process which shows the upward development of underground cavity.
KEYWORDS Centrifuge modeling Embankment failure Underground cavity Levee stability Electrical resistivity survey
1. Introduction The stability of an earth-fill dam or levee is related to the seepage characteristics of the embankment body as well as the properties of foundation layers. Instability due to seepage is the most important factor, especially for relatively bigger embankment or levee (Jin et al., 2014). Seepage induced
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