Cerebellar Control of Speech and Song
The cerebellum is intimately involved with aspects of control of speech and song production, as well as perception. This chapter will review some of the diverse set of findings demonstrating the nature of this involvement. In explaining these findings, a
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Daniel E. Callan and Mario Manto
Abstract
The cerebellum is intimately involved with aspects of control of speech and song production, as well as perception. This chapter will review some of the diverse set of findings demonstrating the nature of this involvement. In explaining these findings, a considerable number of hypotheses have been formulated with regard to the underlying function of the cerebellum. These processes include but are not restricted to sharpening sensory input, temporal coordination, as well as instantiation of internal models that simulate the input–output characteristics of a specific system (Bower and Parsons 2003; Parsons et al. 2009; Ackermann 2008; Kent et al. 2000; Callan et al. 2006, 2007). In reviewing the literature of the involvement of the cerebellum with respect to speech and song processing, it is the goal of this chapter to clarify general underlying cerebellar functions that are pertinent to these hypotheses. Evidence strongly supports the role of the cerebellum in processes related to sensory, perceptual, and higher-level cognition as well as to its traditional role in motor control (Manto 2008; Middleton and Strick 1994; Ivry and Fiez 2000; Desmond and Fiez 1998; Bower and Parsons 2003; Schmahmann and Pandya 1997; Parsons et al. 2009). Anatomical and functional investigations, as well as early clinical observations, strongly support the idea that the cerebellum contributes to cognitive operations. Difficulties in phonation and articulation in patients with
D.E. Callan (*) Department of Computational Brain Imaging, Neural Information Analysis Laboratories ATR, 2-2-2 Hikaridai, Seika-cho, 619-0288 Soraku-gun, Kyoto, Japan e-mail: [email protected] M. Manto Unite´ d’Etude du Mouvement (UEM), FNRS, Universite´ Libre de Bruxelles, 808 Route de Lennik, 1070 Bruxelles, Belgium e-mail: [email protected] M. Manto, D.L. Gruol, J.D. Schmahmann, N. Koibuchi, F. Rossi (eds.), 1191 Handbook of the Cerebellum and Cerebellar Disorders, DOI 10.1007/978-94-007-1333-8_51, # Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht 2013
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D.E. Callan and M.U. Manto
cerebellar lesions were first pointed out by Holmes during the First World War (Holmes 1917). This author was the first to observe that midline cerebellar lesions were involved in cerebellar dysarthria. If one walks through the poster sessions at Human Brain Mapping or Society for Neuroscience, for example, it is quite evident that the cerebellum can be found to be active in just about any topic of study. The prevalence of cerebellar activity in so many diverse tasks strongly suggests it is involved with processing, that is, domain general in nature. Further support for the domain-general and coordinative nature of cerebellar processing is evident in the highly uniform anatomical organization as well as the reentrant connectivity of the cerebellum across vast cortical and subcortical regions (Middleton and Strick 1994, 2000; Schmahmann and Pandya 1997; Dum and Strick 2003). A contribution of the cerebellum in cognitive and language functions
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