CFAR Detectors for MIMO Radars
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CFAR Detectors for MIMO Radars N. Janatian · M. Modarres-Hashemi · A. Sheikhi
Received: 19 September 2011 / Revised: 30 October 2012 / Published online: 27 November 2012 © Springer Science+Business Media New York 2012
Abstract CFAR (Constant False-Alarm Rate) processors are useful for detecting radar targets in a background for which the parameters in the statistical distribution are not known. A variety of CFAR techniques such as CA (Cell Averaging), Go (Greatest Of), SO (Smallest Of), OS (Ordered Statistics) and ACMLD (Automatic Censored Mean-Level Detector) processors have been proposed for SISO (Single Input–Single Output) radars in a non-homogeneous background. In this paper, conventional CFAR algorithms including CA, SO, OS and ACMLD processors are generalized for MIMO (Multiple Input–Multiple Output) radars. The exact expressions for false-alarm probabilities of the proposed algorithms in a homogeneous background are presented. In addition, the detection performance of the proposed detectors is studied by means of simulation in the presence of interfering targets and also colored Gaussian clutter. Besides, the proposed CFAR processors are compared, and it is shown that the ACML-based algorithm is superior to the other investigated methods. Keywords MIMO radars · CFAR detection · CA-CFAR · SO-CFAR · OS-CFAR · ACMLD
N. Janatian () · M. Modarres-Hashemi Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan 84156-83111, Iran e-mail: [email protected] M. Modarres-Hashemi e-mail: [email protected] A. Sheikhi Department of Electronics and Electrical Engineering, Shiraz University, Shiraz 13876-71557, Iran e-mail: [email protected]
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Circuits Syst Signal Process (2013) 32:1389–1418
1 Introduction MIMO (Multiple Input–Multiple Output) radar is defined broadly as a radar system employing multiple transmit antennas and having the ability to jointly process signals received at multiple receiver antennas [14]. The antennas used in MIMO radar can be either collocated or widely spaced. A MIMO radar with widely separated antennas (WSA) has the ability to improve the detection performance exploiting the diversity provided by the multiplicity in transmit and receive angles [8]. The detection performance analysis of the MIMO radar is a hot topic nowadays. Fishler et al. [4], first considered this issue and derived the optimal detector in the Neyman– Pearson sense in white Gaussian noise with known variance. In addition, he derived the UMPI (Uniformly Most Powerful Invariant) detector which has CFAR (Constant False-alarm Rate) property in white Gaussian noise with unknown variance. Multiple pulse detection scheme for MIMO radars in Gaussian noise with unknown statistics was also studied in [18]. Moreover, MIMO radar detection in non-Gaussian clutter including K, Laplace and Student-T distributions has been considered recently in [2, 3, 20]. Noise variance is typically unknown or time varying. As a consequence, applying fixed threshold detectors leads to an excessive
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